📄 sec5-1.htm
字号:
lang=ZH-CN>例：</span><span lang=EN-US>REAL A(3,3),B(3,3),C(89),R<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:72.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:
6.0;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span
lang=EN-US>B(2,2)=4.5; R</span><span lang=ZH-CN>＝</span><span lang=EN-US>7.O;
C(INT(R)*2+1)=2.O !</span><span lang=ZH-CN>给元素</span><span lang=EN-US>B(2,2)</span><span
lang=ZH-CN>和</span><span lang=EN-US>C(15)</span><span lang=ZH-CN>赋值</span><span
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:72.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:
6.0;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span
lang=EN-US>A(1,2)=B(INT(C(15)),INT(SQRT(R)))<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>!</span><span
lang=ZH-CN>元素</span><span lang=EN-US>A(1,2)</span><span lang=ZH-CN>和元素</span><span
lang=EN-US>B(2,2)</span><span lang=ZH-CN>的值相同</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2;
tab-stops:list 18.0pt;mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><a name="第5_1_1c"></a><![if !supportLists]><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:red'><span
style='mso-list:Ignore'>c)<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-family:宋体;
color:red'>数组片段</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体;color:red'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'><span lang=ZH-CN>数组片段是数组所有元素集合的一个子集。数组片段的元素可以是数组中任意的元素，它们不需连续或遵循某个规则。数组中的所有元素和片段的数据类型和种别都相同。如果指定数组的所有下标则得到的是数组元素</span><span
lang=EN-US>(</span><span lang=ZH-CN>即标量</span><span lang=EN-US>)</span><span
lang=ZH-CN>，如果只指定部分下标则结果是部分数组元素的集合，即数组片段，数组片段本身也是数组。</span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'><span lang=ZH-CN>例如，如果定义</span><span lang=EN-US>REAL A(2,3,4)</span><span
lang=ZH-CN>，则</span><span lang=EN-US>A(1,2,3)</span><span lang=ZH-CN>是数组元素，而</span><span
lang=EN-US>A(1:2,2,2),A(1,1,4:2:-1),A(1,2:3,(/2,4/))</span><span lang=ZH-CN>都是数组片段。</span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'><span lang=ZH-CN>数组片段由下标列表确定，<span style='color:fuchsia'>下标列表</span>有两种：三元下标和向量下标。</span></p>
<p style='margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2;
tab-stops:list 18.0pt'><a name="第5_1_1d"></a><![if !supportLists]><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:red'><span
style='mso-list:Ignore'>d)<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-family:宋体;
color:red'>三元下标</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体;color:red'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'><span lang=ZH-CN>三元下标用三个值分别代表数组片段的下界，上界和步长。其一般形式为：</span><span
lang=EN-US style='color:#FF9900'>[</span><span lang=ZH-CN style='color:#FF9900'>下界</span><span
lang=EN-US style='color:#FF9900'>]:[</span><span lang=ZH-CN style='color:#FF9900'>上界</span><span
lang=EN-US style='color:#FF9900'>][:</span><span lang=ZH-CN style='color:#FF9900'>步长</span><span
lang=EN-US style='color:#FF9900'>]</span><span lang=ZH-CN>。如果省略下界，缺省值为数组相应维的下界；如果省略上界，缺省值为数组相应维的上界；如果省略步长，缺省值为</span><span
lang=EN-US>1</span><span lang=ZH-CN>。如果下标都省略了则缺省片段为这个维的全长。</span><span
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:47.4pt;mso-char-indent-count:
3.95;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span
lang=ZH-CN>例：</span><span lang=EN-US>REAL A(10)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:72.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:
6.0;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span
lang=EN-US>A(1:5:2)=3.0<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>!</span><span
lang=ZH-CN>把元素</span><span lang=EN-US>A(1)</span><span lang=ZH-CN>，</span><span
lang=EN-US>A(3)</span><span lang=ZH-CN>，</span><span lang=EN-US>A(5)</span><span
lang=ZH-CN>置为</span><span lang=EN-US>3.0<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:72.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:
6.0;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span
lang=EN-US>A(:5:2)=3.O<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>!</span><span
lang=ZH-CN>把元素</span><span lang=EN-US>A(1)</span><span lang=ZH-CN>，</span><span
lang=EN-US>A(3)</span><span lang=ZH-CN>，</span><span lang=EN-US>A(5)</span><span
lang=ZH-CN>置为</span><span lang=EN-US>3.0</span><span lang=ZH-CN>，因为缺省下界为</span><span
lang=EN-US>1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:72.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:
6.0;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span
lang=EN-US>A(2::3)=3.O<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>!</span><span
lang=ZH-CN>把元素</span><span lang=EN-US>A(2)</span><span lang=ZH-CN>，</span><span
lang=EN-US>A(5)</span><span lang=ZH-CN>，</span><span lang=EN-US>A(8)</span><span
lang=ZH-CN>置为</span><span lang=EN-US>3.0</span><span lang=ZH-CN>，因为上界缺省值为</span><span
lang=EN-US>10<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:72.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:
6.0;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span
lang=EN-US>A(7:9)=3.0<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>!</span><span
lang=ZH-CN>把元素</span><span lang=EN-US>A(7)</span><span lang=ZH-CN>，</span><span
lang=EN-US>A(8)</span><span lang=ZH-CN>，</span><span lang=EN-US>A(9)</span><span
lang=ZH-CN>置为</span><span lang=EN-US>3.0</span><span lang=ZH-CN>，因为缺省步长为</span><span
lang=EN-US>1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:72.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:
6.0;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span
lang=EN-US>A(:)=3.0<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>!</span><span
lang=ZH-CN>和</span><span lang=EN-US>A</span><span lang=ZH-CN>＝</span><span
lang=EN-US>3.0</span><span lang=ZH-CN>相同，将</span><span lang=EN-US>A</span><span
lang=ZH-CN>的所有元素置为</span><span lang=EN-US>3.0<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span lang=ZH-CN>对于—个多维数组的数组片段，它的每一维都可以用三元下标来声明。如果要在一个语句或过程中引用这个数组片段，则引用下标要和声明时的下标个数一样多。注意，三元下标只能算一个下标。</span><span
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:47.4pt;mso-char-indent-count:
3.95;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span
lang=ZH-CN>例：</span><span lang=EN-US>REAL A(5,9)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:72.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:
6.0;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-outline-level:1;
mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span lang=EN-US>A(1:4:3,6:8:2)=3.0</span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'><span lang=ZH-CN>此例中数组</span><span lang=EN-US>A</span><span
lang=ZH-CN>是二维数组，数组片段是形状为</span><span lang=EN-US>(2,2)</span><span lang=ZH-CN>的二维数组。上面括号内第一个三元组表示第一维下标变化范围，第二个三元组表示第二维下标变化范围。其元素选取法是先把第二维下标定在下界值上，而后遍历第一维下标，选中元素为</span><span
lang=EN-US>A(1,6)</span><span lang=ZH-CN>，</span><span lang=EN-US>A(4,6)</span><span
lang=ZH-CN>；再把第二维下标增一步长，再遍历第一维下标，选中元素为</span><span lang=EN-US>A(1,8),A(4,8)</span><span
lang=ZH-CN>，如此重复直至全部选完。这种选取关系相当于把第二维作外层</span><span lang=EN-US>DO</span><span
lang=ZH-CN>循环变量，第一维作内层循环变量的变化。这四个元素按先后次序保持一定的形状，上式等价于：</span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='margin-left:42.0pt;mso-para-margin-left:
4.0gd;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US><span style='position:relative;
top:15.0pt;mso-text-raise:-15.0pt'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t75"
coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="75" o:preferrelative="t" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe"
filled="f" stroked="f">
<v:stroke joinstyle="miter"/>
<v:formulas>
<v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"/>
<v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"/>
</v:formulas>
<v:path o:extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect"/>
<o:lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="t"/>
</v:shapetype><v:shape id="_x0000_i1025" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:90.75pt;
height:36pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="Sec5-1.files/image001.wmz" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=121 height=48
src="Sec5-1.files/image004.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1025"><![endif]></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.DSMT4" ShapeID="_x0000_i1025"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1070991856">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'><span lang=ZH-CN>数组的步长不能是</span><span lang=EN-US>0</span><span
lang=ZH-CN>。当步长为负值时，数组子片段从上界开始递减至下界。例如声明一个数组</span><span lang=EN-US>B(10)</span><span
lang=ZH-CN>，则数组片段</span><span lang=EN-US>B(9:2:-2)</span><span lang=ZH-CN>是由元素</span><span
lang=EN-US>B(9)</span><span lang=ZH-CN>，</span><span lang=EN-US>B(7)</span><span
lang=ZH-CN>，</span><span lang=EN-US>B(5)</span><span lang=ZH-CN>和</span><span
lang=EN-US>B(3)</span><span lang=ZH-CN>组成的数组。显然下界不能比上界大，否则产生的数组大小为</span><span
lang=EN-US>0</span><span lang=ZH-CN>。三元下标的值可以不在数组的边界以内，例如对于数组</span><span
lang=EN-US>B(10)</span><span lang=ZH-CN>，数组片段</span><span lang=EN-US>B(3:15:6)</span><span
lang=ZH-CN>是由</span><span lang=EN-US>B(3)</span><span lang=ZH-CN>和</span><span
lang=EN-US>B(9)</span><span lang=ZH-CN>组成的数组。</span></p>
<p style='margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2;
tab-stops:list 18.0pt'><a name="第5_1_1e"></a><![if !supportLists]><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:red'><span
style='mso-list:Ignore'>e)<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-family:宋体;
color:red'>向量下标</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体;color:red'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'><span lang=ZH-CN>三元下标以上升或下降的顺序指定数组元素，而向量下标可以以任何顺序来指定数组元素。向量下标是一个一维整数数组</span><span
lang=EN-US>(</span><span lang=ZH-CN>即向量</span><span lang=EN-US>)</span><span
lang=ZH-CN>，它可以从整个数组中选择片段。</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:47.4pt;mso-char-indent-count:
3.95;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span
lang=ZH-CN>例：</span><span lang=EN-US>REAL A(10),B(5,5)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:72.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:
6.0;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-outline-level:1;
mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span lang=EN-US>INTEGER I(4),J(3)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:72.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:
6.0;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span
lang=EN-US>I=(/5,3,8,2/)<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>
</span>!</span><span lang=ZH-CN>定义向量</span><span lang=EN-US>I<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:72.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:
6.0;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span
lang=EN-US>J=(/3,1,5/)<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>!</span><span
lang=ZH-CN>定义向量</span><span lang=EN-US>J<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:72.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:
6.0;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span
lang=EN-US>A(I)=3.O<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>
</span>!</span><span lang=ZH-CN>设置元素</span><span lang=EN-US>A(5)</span><span
lang=ZH-CN>，</span><span lang=EN-US>A(3)</span><span lang=ZH-CN>，</span><span
lang=EN-US>A(8)</span><span lang=ZH-CN>，</span><span lang=EN-US>A(2)</span><span
lang=ZH-CN>的值</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:72.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:
6.0;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span
lang=EN-US>B(2,J)=3.O<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>!</span><span
lang=ZH-CN>设置元素</span><span lang=EN-US>B(2,3)</span><span lang=ZH-CN>，</span><span
lang=EN-US>B(2,1)</span><span lang=ZH-CN>和</span><span lang=EN-US>B(2,5)</span><span
lang=ZH-CN>的值</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:72.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:
6.0;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span
lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:47.4pt;mso-char-indent-count:
3.95;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span
lang=ZH-CN>例：</span><span lang=EN-US>INTEGER :: a(4)=(/0,1,2,3/),b(3)=(/1,4,3/)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='margin-left:71.4pt;text-indent:0cm;
mso-char-indent-count:0;line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;
mso-char-indent-size:0cm'><span lang=ZH-CN>则</span><span lang=EN-US>a(b)</span><span
lang=ZH-CN>与</span><span lang=EN-US>a</span><span lang=ZH-CN>同类型，与</span><span
lang=EN-US>b</span><span lang=ZH-CN>同形状，取值为</span><span lang=EN-US>(/0,3,2/)</span><span
lang=ZH-CN>。</span><span lang=EN-US>a(b)</span><span lang=ZH-CN>可以不是数组片段，而是更大的数组。如上面</span><span
lang=EN-US>b</span><span lang=ZH-CN>为</span><span lang=EN-US>(/2,3,2,3,2,3/)</span><span
lang=ZH-CN>时，</span><span lang=EN-US>a(b)</span><span lang=ZH-CN>为</span><span
lang=EN-US>(/1,2,1,2,1,2/)</span><span lang=ZH-CN>。</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:72.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:
6.0;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span
lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:47.4pt;mso-char-indent-count:
3.95;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span
lang=ZH-CN>例：</span><span lang=EN-US>CHARACTER(1) :: symbol(0:1)=(/'F','M'/)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:72.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:
6.0;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span
lang=EN-US>INTEGER :: bit(100)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='margin-left:71.4pt;text-indent:0cm;
mso-char-indent-count:0;line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;
mso-char-indent-size:0cm'><span lang=ZH-CN>若</span><span lang=EN-US>bit</span><span
⌨️ 快捷键说明
复制代码
Ctrl + C
搜索代码
Ctrl + F
全屏模式
F11
切换主题
Ctrl + Shift + D
显示快捷键
?
增大字号
Ctrl + =
减小字号
Ctrl + -