📄 sec5-2.htm
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<div class=Section1 style='layout-grid:15.6pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:15.6pt;mso-para-margin-bottom:
1.0gd;text-align:center'><b><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:22.0pt;
font-family:华文细黑;color:#333399'>数组赋值与运算</span></b><a name="第5_2"></a><b><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:22.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;color:#333399'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'><span lang=EN-US>F90</span><span lang=ZH-CN>中，允许把整个数组作为一个操作数进行操作，也允许在赋值语句中对整个数组进行赋值，就像对一个简单变量的操作和赋值一样。针对数组的特性，也有专门的运算方法和内在函数。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-top:15.6pt;margin-right:0cm;
margin-bottom:15.6pt;margin-left:0cm;mso-para-margin-top:1.0gd;mso-para-margin-right:
0cm;mso-para-margin-bottom:1.0gd;mso-para-margin-left:0cm;text-align:center'><a
name="第5_2_1"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;
mso-fareast-font-family:楷体_GB2312'>5.2.1</span></a><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:16.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:楷体_GB2312'>
</span><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:16.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:楷体_GB2312;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:red'>赋值</span><b><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:
楷体_GB2312'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p style='margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l9 level1 lfo2;
tab-stops:list 18.0pt'><a name="第5_2_1a"></a><![if !supportLists]><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:red'><span
style='mso-list:Ignore'>a)<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-family:宋体;
color:red'>赋值方式</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体;color:red'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'><span lang=ZH-CN>数组的赋值可以使用赋值语句和数组构造器。</span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'><span lang=EN-US>F90</span><span lang=ZH-CN>中<span style='color:fuchsia'>数组赋值语句</span>的形式为：</span><span
lang=EN-US style='color:#FF9900'>V=e</span><span lang=ZH-CN>，</span><span
lang=EN-US>V</span><span lang=ZH-CN>代表数组名或数组片段，</span><span lang=EN-US>e</span><span
lang=ZH-CN>为数组表达式，它们必须有相同的形状（即维数相同，每维长度相同但上下界可不同）。当</span><span lang=EN-US>V</span><span
lang=ZH-CN>大小为</span><span lang=EN-US>0</span><span lang=ZH-CN>或为长度为</span><span
lang=EN-US>0</span><span lang=ZH-CN>的字符型时，则没有值赋给</span><span lang=EN-US>V</span><span
lang=ZH-CN>。当</span><span lang=EN-US>e</span><span lang=ZH-CN>为标量时，则把</span><span
lang=EN-US>e</span><span lang=ZH-CN>处理成与</span><span lang=EN-US>V</span><span
lang=ZH-CN>相同的形状，</span><span lang=EN-US>V</span><span lang=ZH-CN>的每个元素均等于标量</span><span
lang=EN-US>e</span><span lang=ZH-CN>的值。数组表达式</span><span lang=EN-US>e</span><span
lang=ZH-CN>中允许使用</span><span lang=EN-US>+</span><span lang=ZH-CN>、</span><span
lang=EN-US>-</span><span lang=ZH-CN>、</span><span lang=EN-US>*</span><span
lang=ZH-CN>、</span><span lang=EN-US>/</span><span lang=ZH-CN>、</span><span
lang=EN-US>**</span><span lang=ZH-CN>等内部算术操作符。</span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:150%'><span lang=EN-US>F90</span><span
lang=ZH-CN>允许赋值语句的表达式内只有标量，如</span><span lang=EN-US>A</span><span lang=ZH-CN>是</span><span
lang=EN-US><span style='position:relative;top:2.0pt;mso-text-raise:-2.0pt'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype
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</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=33 height=17
src="Sec5-2.files/image002.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1025"><![endif]></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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</xml><![endif]--></span><span lang=ZH-CN>数组，则</span><span lang=EN-US>A=3</span><span
lang=ZH-CN>表示</span><span lang=EN-US><span style='position:relative;top:15.0pt;
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</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=84 height=48
src="Sec5-2.files/image004.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1026"><![endif]></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1071056527">
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</xml><![endif]--></span><span lang=ZH-CN>。例如，</span><span lang=EN-US>A(1:15)=2.0</span><span
lang=ZH-CN>，则</span><span lang=EN-US>A(1)</span><span lang=ZH-CN>到</span><span
lang=EN-US>A(15)</span><span lang=ZH-CN>的每个元素都被赋值为</span><span lang=EN-US>2.0</span><span
lang=ZH-CN>。因此，数组赋值语句可以对整个数组一次赋值完毕，不必用</span><span lang=EN-US>DO</span><span
lang=ZH-CN>构造对每一个元素逐一赋值，如对</span><span lang=EN-US>F77</span><span lang=ZH-CN>中的初始化置零</span><span
lang=EN-US>DO</span><span lang=ZH-CN>循环：</span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='margin-left:35.4pt;mso-para-margin-left:
3.37gd;text-indent:14.15pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.18;line-height:15.0pt;
mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span lang=EN-US>do i=1,10</span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='margin-left:35.4pt;mso-para-margin-left:
3.37gd;text-indent:35.4pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.95;line-height:15.0pt;
mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span lang=EN-US>do j=1,10</span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='margin-left:35.4pt;mso-para-margin-left:
3.37gd;text-indent:56.65pt;mso-char-indent-count:4.72;line-height:15.0pt;
mso-line-height-rule:exactly;tab-stops:45.8pt 73.5pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt'><span
lang=EN-US>A(i,j)=0.</span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='margin-left:35.4pt;mso-para-margin-left:
3.37gd;text-indent:35.4pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.95;line-height:15.0pt;
mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span lang=EN-US>end do</span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='margin-left:35.4pt;mso-para-margin-left:
3.37gd;text-indent:14.15pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.18;line-height:15.0pt;
mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span lang=EN-US>end do</span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:0cm;mso-char-indent-count:0;
line-height:normal'><span lang=ZH-CN>可以只要一个赋值语句</span><span lang=EN-US>A=0.</span><span
lang=ZH-CN>就行。</span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:47.4pt;mso-char-indent-count:
3.95;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span lang=ZH-CN>例：</span><span
lang=EN-US>A(</span><st1:time Minute="50" Hour="1"><span lang=EN-US>1:50</span></st1:time><span
lang=EN-US>)=E(1:99:2)+F(2:100:2,10)/G(3:101:2,5,5)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:47.4pt;mso-char-indent-count:
3.95;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span
lang=ZH-CN>例：</span><span lang=EN-US>Q(</span><st1:time Minute="40" Hour="10"><span
lang=EN-US>10:40:10</span></st1:time><span lang=EN-US>)=A(5:20:5)//B(1:4)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:47.4pt;mso-char-indent-count:
3.95;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span
lang=ZH-CN>例：</span><span lang=EN-US>INTEGER A(20)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:72.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:
6.0;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span
lang=EN-US>A(</span><st1:time Minute="20" Hour="1"><span lang=EN-US>1:20</span></st1:time><span
lang=EN-US>)=A(20:1:-1)<span style='mso-tab-count:3'> </span>!
</span><span lang=ZH-CN>将</span><span lang=EN-US>A</span><span lang=ZH-CN>数组元素值倒序重排</span><span
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span lang=ZH-CN style='color:fuchsia'>数组构造器</span><span
lang=ZH-CN>是由括号和斜线之间的一系列值或隐</span><span lang=EN-US>DO</span><span lang=ZH-CN>循环组成。其一般形式为：</span><span
lang=EN-US style='color:#FF9900'>(/</span><span lang=ZH-CN style='color:#FF9900'>取值列表</span><span
lang=EN-US style='color:#FF9900'>/)</span><span lang=ZH-CN>。取值列表可以是标量，隐</span><span
lang=EN-US>DO</span><span lang=ZH-CN>循环或任意秩的数组。其中的所有值的类型都相同，以逗号隔开。如果列表中出现了数组，它的值是按列来赋的。</span><span
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:47.4pt;mso-char-indent-count:
3.95;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span
lang=ZH-CN>例：</span><span lang=EN-US>INTEGER A(6)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:72.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:
6.0;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span
lang=EN-US>A=(/1,2,3,4,5,6/)<span style='mso-tab-count:3'> </span>!
</span><span lang=ZH-CN>斜杠与括号间不能有空格</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:47.4pt;mso-char-indent-count:
3.95;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span
lang=ZH-CN>例：</span><span lang=EN-US>C1=(/4,8,7,6/)<span style='mso-tab-count:
3'> </span>!
</span><span lang=ZH-CN>标量表示</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:72.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:
6.0;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span
lang=EN-US>C2=(/B(I,1:5),B(I:J,7:9)/)<span style='mso-tab-count:1'> </span>!
</span><span lang=ZH-CN>数组表示</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:72.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:
6.0;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span
lang=EN-US>C3=(/(I,I=1,4)/)<span style='mso-tab-count:3'> </span>!
</span><span lang=ZH-CN>隐</span><span lang=EN-US>DO</span><span lang=ZH-CN>循环</span><span
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:72.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:
6.0;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span
lang=EN-US>C4=(/4,A(1:5),(I,I=1,4),7/)<span style='mso-tab-count:1'> </span>!
</span><span lang=ZH-CN>混合表示</span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'><span lang=ZH-CN>下面是一些<span style='color:fuchsia'>数组构造器的替换格式</span>：</span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'><span lang=EN-US>1) </span><span lang=ZH-CN>用<span style='color:fuchsia'>方括号</span>代替括号和斜线，例如下面两个数组构造器是等价的：</span><span
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:47.4pt;mso-char-indent-count:
3.95;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span
lang=ZH-CN>例：</span><span lang=EN-US>INTEGER C(4)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:72.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:
6.0;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span
lang=EN-US>C=(/4,8,7,6/)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:72.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:
6.0;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span
lang=EN-US>C=[4,8,7,6]</span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'><span lang=EN-US>2) </span><span lang=ZH-CN style='color:fuchsia'>冒号三元下标</span><span
lang=EN-US>(</span><span lang=ZH-CN>代替隐</span><span lang=EN-US>DO</span><span
lang=ZH-CN>循环</span><span lang=EN-US>)</span><span lang=ZH-CN>来指定值的范围和步长，例如下面两个数组构造器是等价的：</span><span
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:47.4pt;mso-char-indent-count:
3.95;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span
lang=ZH-CN>例：</span><span lang=EN-US>INTEGER D(3)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:72.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:
6.0;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span
lang=EN-US>D=(/1:5:2/)<span style='mso-tab-count:2'> </span>!
</span><span lang=ZH-CN>三元下标格式</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:72.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:
6.0;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span
lang=EN-US>D=(/(I,I=1,5,2)/)<span style='mso-tab-count:2'> </span>!
</span><span lang=ZH-CN>隐</span><span lang=EN-US>DO</span><span lang=ZH-CN>循环格式</span></p>
<p style='margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l9 level1 lfo2;
tab-stops:list 18.0pt'><a name="第5_2_1b"></a><![if !supportLists]><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:red'><span
style='mso-list:Ignore'>b)<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-family:宋体;
color:red'>数组的存储顺序</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体;color:red'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
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