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<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'><span style='mso-font-kerning:0pt'>例：下面的语句是等价的<span lang=EN-US>:<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:46.45pt;mso-char-indent-count:
3.87;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span
lang=EN-US>PRINT<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>
</span>'(A11)', 'Abbottsford'<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:46.45pt;mso-char-indent-count:
3.87;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span
lang=EN-US>WRITE (*, '(A11)') 'Abbottsford'<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:46.45pt;mso-char-indent-count:
3.87;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span
lang=EN-US>TYPE<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>
</span>'(A11)', 'Abbottsford'</span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'><span style='mso-font-kerning:0pt'>例：一个输出<span class=GramE>的趣例</span>。<span
lang=EN-US><a href="example/e_711_01.f90">[e_711_01.f90]</a><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p style='margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l5 level1 lfo2;
tab-stops:list 18.0pt'><a name="第7_1_1d"></a><![if !supportLists]><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:red'><span
style='mso-list:Ignore'>d)<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体;
color:red'>READ语句<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'>用于输入的<span lang=EN-US>READ语句的一般形式为：</span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'><span lang=EN-US style='color:#FF9900;mso-font-kerning:0pt'>READ({[UNIT=]单元|*}[,{[FMT=]格式说明符|[NML=]名称<span
class=GramE>列表组名</span>|*}] [，REC=记录号][,IOSTAT=状态变量名][,ERR＝错误标号][,END=文件结束标号][,EOR=记录结束标号])
[I/O列表]</span><span lang=EN-US style='color:#FF6600;mso-font-kerning:0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'><span style='color:fuchsia'>文件结束标号</span><span style='mso-font-kerning:
0pt'>：读到文件结束记录时把控制传递给标号处的语句。<span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'><span style='color:fuchsia'>记录结束标号</span><span style='mso-font-kerning:
0pt'>：读完一个记录时把控制传递给标号处的语句。<span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-top:15.6pt;margin-right:0cm;
margin-bottom:15.6pt;margin-left:0cm;mso-para-margin-top:1.0gd;mso-para-margin-right:
0cm;mso-para-margin-bottom:1.0gd;mso-para-margin-left:0cm;text-align:center'><a
name="第7_1_2"></a><a name="第7_1_1e"></a><span style='mso-bookmark:第7_1_2'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:
楷体_GB2312'>7.1.2</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:第7_1_2'></span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'> </span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:
楷体_GB2312;color:red'>I/O</span><span style='font-size:16.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:楷体_GB2312;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:red'>列表</span><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:楷体_GB2312'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p style='margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo4;
tab-stops:list 18.0pt'><a name="第7_1_2a"></a><![if !supportLists]><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:red'><span
style='mso-list:Ignore'>a)<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体;
color:red'>NAMELIST语句<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'>名称列表<span lang=EN-US>NAMELIST语句将一组变量用一个名字相关联。<span class=GramE>这个组名可以</span>在输入和输出中被引用。其一般形式为：</span><span
lang=EN-US style='color:#FF9900;mso-font-kerning:0pt'>NAMELIST/名称<span
class=GramE>列表组名</span>/变量列表[[,]/<span class=GramE>组名</span>/变量列表]...</span>。</p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'>例：<span class=GramE><span lang=EN-US>integer</span></span><span
lang=EN-US> int1</span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='margin-left:25.5pt;line-height:15.0pt;
mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span class=GramE><span lang=EN-US
style='mso-font-kerning:0pt'>logical</span></span><span lang=EN-US
style='mso-font-kerning:0pt'> log1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='margin-left:25.5pt;line-height:15.0pt;
mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span class=GramE><span lang=EN-US
style='mso-font-kerning:0pt'>real</span></span><span lang=EN-US
style='mso-font-kerning:0pt'> r1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='margin-left:25.5pt;line-height:15.0pt;
mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span class=GramE><span lang=EN-US
style='mso-font-kerning:0pt'>character(</span></span><span lang=EN-US
style='mso-font-kerning:0pt'>20) char20<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='margin-left:25.5pt;line-height:15.0pt;
mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span class=GramE><span lang=EN-US
style='mso-font-kerning:0pt'>namelist/mylist/int1,</span></span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-font-kerning:0pt'>log1,r1,char20<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'>例：<span lang=EN-US>NAMELIST/INPUT/NAME<span class=GramE>,GRADE,DATE</span>/OUTPUT/TOTAL,NAME</span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='margin-left:24.0pt;line-height:15.0pt;
mso-line-height-rule:exactly'>此例的<span lang=EN-US>INPUT组中包括NAME,GRADE,DATE三个变量。OUTPUT组中包括TOTAL,NAME两个变量。</span></p>
<p style='margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo4;
tab-stops:list 18.0pt'><a name="第7_1_2b"></a><![if !supportLists]><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:red'><span
style='mso-list:Ignore'>b)<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体;
color:red'>I/O列表实体<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'><span lang=EN-US>I/O列表提供将要传输的数据的信息。数据传输语句(READ，WRITE和PRINT)需要如何传递数据和传递什么数据的信息。其中传递什么数据由I/O列表(iolist)中列出的将要读写的<span
class=GramE>项确定</span>。指定I/O列表可以有以下方法：<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='margin-left:48.0pt;text-indent:-24.0pt;
mso-char-indent-count:0;line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;
mso-list:l8 level1 lfo6;tab-stops:45.8pt list 48.0pt left 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;
mso-char-indent-size:0cm'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:
Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'><img width=13 height=13
src="Sec7-1.files/image001.gif" alt="*"><span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]>无实体。<span lang=EN-US>I/O列表可以是空列表。结果记录要么是零长度，要么是只包含填充字符。如果使用只有字符串而没有加列表的格式，结果记录将包含这个字符串。</span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'>例：<span lang=EN-US>WRITE(1,FMT=</span><span class=GramE><span
style='letter-spacing:-4.0pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt'>’</span></span><span
lang=EN-US>(2I8)</span><span class=GramE><span style='letter-spacing:-4.0pt;
mso-font-kerning:0pt'>’</span></span><span lang=EN-US>)</span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='margin-left:25.5pt;line-height:15.0pt;
mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span lang=EN-US>WRITE(1,<span class=GramE>”</span>(</span><span
class=GramE><span style='letter-spacing:-4.0pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt'>’</span></span><span
lang=EN-US>string</span><span class=GramE><span style='letter-spacing:-4.0pt;
mso-font-kerning:0pt'>’</span></span><span lang=EN-US>)<span class=GramE>”</span>)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='margin-left:48.0pt;text-indent:-24.0pt;
mso-char-indent-count:0;line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;
mso-list:l4 level1 lfo8;tab-stops:45.8pt list 48.0pt left 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;
mso-char-indent-size:0cm'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:
Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'><img width=13 height=13
src="Sec7-1.files/image001.gif" alt="*"><span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]>变量名、数组元素名、派生类型名、派生类型元素名或子字符串名。<span lang=EN-US><a
href="example/e_711_02.f90">[e_711_02.f90]</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='margin-left:48.0pt;text-indent:-24.0pt;
mso-char-indent-count:0;line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;
mso-list:l2 level1 lfo10;tab-stops:45.8pt list 48.0pt left 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;
mso-char-indent-size:0cm'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:
Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'><img width=13 height=13
src="Sec7-1.files/image001.gif" alt="*"><span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]>指定数组名或数组片段。没有下标的数组指的<span class=GramE>是按列存储</span>的所有数组元素。<span
lang=EN-US><a href="example/e_711_03.f90">[e_711_03.f90]</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='margin-left:48.0pt;text-indent:-24.0pt;
mso-char-indent-count:0;line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;
mso-list:l0 level1 lfo12;tab-stops:45.8pt list 48.0pt left 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;
mso-char-indent-size:0cm'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:
Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'><img width=13 height=13
src="Sec7-1.files/image001.gif" alt="*"><span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]>表达式。<span lang=EN-US>WRITE和PRINT语句中的输出列表可以包含表达式。表达式的类型可以是数值、逻辑型、字符型或派生类型。</span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'>例：<span lang=EN-US>PRINT *,</span><span class=GramE><span
style='letter-spacing:-4.0pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt'>’</span></span><span
lang=EN-US>(I5)</span><span class=GramE><span style='letter-spacing:-4.0pt;
mso-font-kerning:0pt'>’</span></span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-font-kerning:
0pt'>,2*3</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='margin-left:48.0pt;text-indent:-24.0pt;
mso-char-indent-count:0;line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;
mso-list:l9 level1 lfo14;tab-stops:45.8pt list 48.0pt left 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;
mso-char-indent-size:0cm'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:
Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'><img width=13 height=13
src="Sec7-1.files/image001.gif" alt="*"><span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span class=GramE>隐</span><span lang=EN-US>DO列表。它和一般的DO循环类似，起始、终值和增量值决定了循环次数。</span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'>例：<span class=GramE><span lang=EN-US>WRITE(</span></span><span
lang=EN-US>*,*) (my_data(i),I=2,30,3)</span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'>除此之外，指定名称列表后可以对其中的所有变量用一个<span lang=EN-US>I/O语句进行读写。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-top:15.6pt;margin-right:0cm;
margin-bottom:15.6pt;margin-left:0cm;mso-para-margin-top:1.0gd;mso-para-margin-right:
0cm;mso-para-margin-bottom:1.0gd;mso-para-margin-left:0cm;text-align:center'><a
name="第7_1_3"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;
mso-fareast-font-family:楷体_GB2312'>7.1.3</span></a><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:16.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:楷体_GB2312'>
</span><span style='font-size:16.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
楷体_GB2312;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:red'>非格式输入输出编辑</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:
楷体_GB2312;color:red'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-font-kerning:0pt'>I/O编辑告知系统如何在内存中的变量和外部设备及外部文件之间传递数据。有三种方法，即格式化I/O，直接列表I/O，名称列表I/O。</span>当用户使用格式<span
lang=EN-US>I/O时，必须指定数据在外部设备上如何出现的显示格式或FORMAT语句。</span><span style='mso-font-kerning:
0pt'>后两种方法中的格式不是由程序员指定的，而是按系统默认的格式进行输入输出。</span></p>
<p style='margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo16;
tab-stops:list 18.0pt'><a name="第7_1_3a"></a><![if !supportLists]><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:red'><span
style='mso-list:Ignore'>a)<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-family:宋体;color:red'>直接列表<span
lang=EN-US>I/O<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'>使用直接列表<span lang=EN-US>I/O可以从一个I/O列表中读写数据而不需要格式或FORMAT语句，它可以用于读写外部或内部文件。输入输出由I/O列表中的数据项的数目和类型决定</span><span
style='mso-font-kerning:0pt'>，格式指定符是星号<span lang=EN-US>(*)。</span></span>例如下例中<span
lang=EN-US>READ语句需要两个2字节整数，两个8字节实数和七个字符。</span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'><span class=GramE><span lang=EN-US>INTEGER(</span></span><span
lang=EN-US>2)<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>INT1,INT2</span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'><span class=GramE><span lang=EN-US>REAL(</span></span><span
lang=EN-US>8)<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>
</span>REAL1,REAL2</span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'><span lang=EN-US>CHARACTER<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>
</span><span class=GramE>CHAR(</span>7)</span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'><span class=GramE><span lang=EN-US>READ(</span></span><span
lang=EN-US>10,*)<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>
</span>INT1,INT2,REAL1,REAL2,CHAR(7)</span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'><span lang=EN-US>1) <span style='color:fuchsia'>直接列表输入</span>：必须提供包含要读变量名称的I/O列表。直接列表输入数据记录是一系列由逗号或空格分开的值。在直接列表数据记录中的每个数据项必须要么是某个值要么是Null(空)值。只有字符串常量可以包含嵌入的空格，两个数字之间的空格被解释为分隔符。与分隔符(逗号，斜杠或其它空格)相邻的空格被忽略。例如5,<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>6<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>
</span>/7等价于5,6/7。重复输入的<span class=GramE>值可以</span>通过给该值乘上要重复的次数来实现。例如：对于程序
REAL R(10); READ(5,*) R 如果输入10*3.14，则数组R的十个元素都<span class=GramE>被置为</span>3.14。空值对其映射的变量没有影响，有值的变量仍保留其值，没有值的变量仍保持为空。指定空值的方法是，用无间值的连续分隔符，如3.14,,,14记录中3.14后面两个值为空。还可以用星号格式说明一组Null，如10*
等价于10个空值。斜杠(/)将结束输入流，输入列表中的<span class=GramE>其它项就像</span>其值为<span class=GramE>空一样</span>不会产生任何影响。例如：</span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'><span lang=EN-US>INTEGER I1<span class=GramE>,I2,I3</span></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'><span lang=EN-US>I1=1</span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'><span lang=EN-US>I2=2</span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'><span class=GramE><span lang=EN-US>READ(</span></span><span
lang=EN-US>*,*) I1,I2,I3</span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'>如果用户输入：<span lang=EN-US>8,<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>
</span>， / 9则I1<span class=GramE>被赋成</span>8，I2的输入为空，所以它的值仍为2，然后因为有斜杠所以输入记录被中止，I3的值仍为空(0)。</span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'><span lang=EN-US>2) <span style='color:fuchsia'>直接列表输出</span>：程序员写出I/O列表，Fortran系统提供输出格式。如果需要，系统会创建新的记录。为了在打印记录时提供<span
class=GramE>走纸控制</span>，每个输出记录自动以空格作为开头。每种内部数据类型有其默认的输出格式。</span></p>
<p style='margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo16;
tab-stops:list 18.0pt'><a name="第7_1_3b"></a><![if !supportLists]><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:red'><span
style='mso-list:Ignore'>b)<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-family:宋体;color:red'>名称列表<span
lang=EN-US>I/O<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'><span style='mso-font-kerning:0pt'>名称列表<span lang=EN-US>I/O</span></span>是功能强大的读入数据或<span
class=GramE>向文件</span><span lang=EN-US>(终端)写入数据的方法。通过在名称列表组中确定一个或多个变量，可以用一个单独的输入输出语句读写它们所有的值。</span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'><span lang=EN-US>1) <span style='color:fuchsia'>名称列表输出</span>：名称列表中变量的<span
class=GramE>值通过</span>WRITE语句写入一个文件或屏幕，其格式指定符是名称列表名。⌨️ 快捷键说明
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