sec7-1.htm

Fortran77和90/95编程入门,用于教学

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  <p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:0cm;mso-char-indent-count:
  0;line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:0cm'>输入数据，和格式化顺序<span
  lang=EN-US>READ语句类似</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:2'>
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  <p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:0cm;mso-char-indent-count:
  0;line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:0cm'><span
  lang=EN-US>BACKSPACE<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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  <td width=425 valign=top style='width:318.95pt;border-top:none;border-left:
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  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:0cm;mso-char-indent-count:
  0;line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:0cm'>定位到文件上一个记录开始处</p>
  </td>
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 <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:3'>
  <td width=94 valign=top style='width:70.85pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:0cm;mso-char-indent-count:
  0;line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:0cm'><span
  lang=EN-US>CLOSE<o:p></o:p></span></p>
  </td>
  <td width=425 valign=top style='width:318.95pt;border-top:none;border-left:
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  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:0cm;mso-char-indent-count:
  0;line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:0cm'>断开和一个单元<span
  lang=EN-US>(文件和设备)的连接</span></p>
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 <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:4'>
  <td width=94 valign=top style='width:70.85pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
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  <p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:0cm;mso-char-indent-count:
  0;line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:0cm'><span
  lang=EN-US>DELETE<o:p></o:p></span></p>
  </td>
  <td width=425 valign=top style='width:318.95pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
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  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:0cm;mso-char-indent-count:
  0;line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:0cm'>从相关文件中删去一条记录</p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:5'>
  <td width=94 valign=top style='width:70.85pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
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  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:0cm;mso-char-indent-count:
  0;line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:0cm'><span
  lang=EN-US>ENDFILE<o:p></o:p></span></p>
  </td>
  <td width=425 valign=top style='width:318.95pt;border-top:none;border-left:
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  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:0cm;mso-char-indent-count:
  0;line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:0cm'>写一个文件结束记录</p>
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 <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:6'>
  <td width=94 valign=top style='width:70.85pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:0cm;mso-char-indent-count:
  0;line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:0cm'><span
  lang=EN-US>INQUIRE<o:p></o:p></span></p>
  </td>
  <td width=425 valign=top style='width:318.95pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
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  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:0cm;mso-char-indent-count:
  0;line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:0cm'>返回一个单元或外部文件的属性</p>
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 <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:7'>
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  <p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:0cm;mso-char-indent-count:
  0;line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:0cm'><span
  lang=EN-US>OPEN<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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  <td width=425 valign=top style='width:318.95pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
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  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:0cm;mso-char-indent-count:
  0;line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:0cm'>使一个单元号和一个文件或设备相连接</p>
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 <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:8'>
  <td width=94 valign=top style='width:70.85pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
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  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:0cm;mso-char-indent-count:
  0;line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:0cm'><span
  lang=EN-US>PRINT<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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  <td width=425 valign=top style='width:318.95pt;border-top:none;border-left:
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  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:0cm;mso-char-indent-count:
  0;line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:0cm'>向星号单元<span
  lang=EN-US>(屏幕)输出数据</span></p>
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 <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:9'>
  <td width=94 valign=top style='width:70.85pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:0cm;mso-char-indent-count:
  0;line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:0cm'><span
  lang=EN-US>READ<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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  <td width=425 valign=top style='width:318.95pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
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  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:0cm;mso-char-indent-count:
  0;line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:0cm'>从一个文件向<span
  lang=EN-US>I/O列表中的项目输入数据</span></p>
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 </tr>
 <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:10'>
  <td width=94 valign=top style='width:70.85pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
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  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:0cm;mso-char-indent-count:
  0;line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:0cm'><span
  lang=EN-US>REWIND<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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  <td width=425 valign=top style='width:318.95pt;border-top:none;border-left:
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  <p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:0cm;mso-char-indent-count:
  0;line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:0cm'>重新定位于文件的开头</p>
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 </tr>
 <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:11'>
  <td width=94 valign=top style='width:70.85pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:0cm;mso-char-indent-count:
  0;line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:0cm'><span
  lang=EN-US>REWRITE<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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  <td width=425 valign=top style='width:318.95pt;border-top:none;border-left:
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  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:0cm;mso-char-indent-count:
  0;line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:0cm'>覆盖当前记录</p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:12'>
  <td width=94 valign=top style='width:70.85pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:0cm;mso-char-indent-count:
  0;line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:0cm'><span
  lang=EN-US>UNLOCK<o:p></o:p></span></p>
  </td>
  <td width=425 valign=top style='width:318.95pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:0cm;mso-char-indent-count:
  0;line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:0cm'>释放先前被<span
  lang=EN-US>READ语句锁定的相关或顺序文件中的一个记录</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:13;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes'>
  <td width=94 valign=top style='width:70.85pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
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  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:0cm;mso-char-indent-count:
  0;line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:0cm'><span
  lang=EN-US>WRITE<o:p></o:p></span></p>
  </td>
  <td width=425 valign=top style='width:318.95pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
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  mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:0cm;mso-char-indent-count:
  0;line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:0cm'>从一个<span
  lang=EN-US>I/O列表中的项目<span class=GramE>向文件</span>输出数据</span></p>
  </td>
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</table>

<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='margin-top:6.0pt;line-height:17.0pt;
mso-line-height-rule:exactly'>一个<span style='color:fuchsia'>记录</span>是一个数字或字符的序列。有三种记录形式，即<span
style='color:fuchsia'>格式化记录</span>、<span style='color:fuchsia'>非格式化记录</span>和<span
style='color:fuchsia'>文件结束记录</span>。一条格式化记录的数据需要进行内部和外部形式间的转化，格式化<span
lang=EN-US>I/O语句有确切的格式说明符或名称列表，只有格式化I/O语句才能读写格式化记录。非格式化记录保持其内部形式，而内部形式依赖于处理器。只有非格式化I/O语句才能读写非格式化记录。文件结束记录是文件的最后一个记录，可以在顺序文件中用<span
style='color:fuchsia'>ENDFILE语句</span>写出一个文件结束记录。</span></p>

<p style='margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l5 level1 lfo2;
tab-stops:list 18.0pt'><a name="第7_1_1b"></a><![if !supportLists]><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:red'><span
style='mso-list:Ignore'>b)<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体;
color:red'>WRITE语句<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'>用于输出的<span lang=EN-US>WRITE语句的一般形式为：</span></p>

<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'><span lang=EN-US style='color:#FF9900;mso-font-kerning:0pt'>WRITE({[UNIT=]单元|*}[,{[FMT=]格式说明符|[NML=]名称<span
class=GramE>列表组名</span>|*}][，REC=记录号][,IOSTAT=状态变量名][,ERR＝错误标号]) [I/O列表]<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'>上面一般形式中的各项不是同时具有的，根据文件的属性<span lang=EN-US>(外部文件(顺序文件(格式化、格式化直接列表、格式化</span><span
style='mso-font-kerning:0pt'>名称列表、</span>非格式化<span lang=EN-US>)和直接文件(格式化、非格式化))和内部文件)不同<span
class=GramE>而择其项</span>。如果省略UNIT=，则第一个参数必须是“单元”。如果省略了FMT=或NML=，则</span><span
style='mso-font-kerning:0pt'>格式说明符或名称列表<span class=GramE>组名必须</span>是第二个参数<span
lang=EN-US>(格式化文件)。其后的几项参数次序可以任意。<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'><span style='color:fuchsia'>单元</span><span style='mso-font-kerning:
0pt'>：外部文件时是</span>一个指定设备号的整型表达式，内部文件时是一个字符串、变量、数组、数组元素或非字符数组。</p>

<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'><span style='color:fuchsia'>格式说明符</span><span style='mso-font-kerning:
0pt'>：对于格式写操作是必需的，非格式写操作时不能有。<span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'><span style='color:fuchsia'>名称<span class=GramE>列表组名</span></span><span
style='mso-font-kerning:0pt'>：如果它被说明，</span>则<span lang=EN-US style='mso-font-kerning:
0pt'>I/O列表必须省略。<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'><span style='color:fuchsia'>错误标号</span><span style='mso-font-kerning:
0pt'>：在同一个程序单位中的一个可执行语句的标号。如果指定了它，<span lang=EN-US>I/O错误将把控制传递给此标号处的语句，省略时取决于状态变量名的存在与否。<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'><span style='color:fuchsia'>状态变量名</span><span style='mso-font-kerning:
0pt'>：一个整型变量、数组元素。当无错误时，它返回值为<span lang=EN-US>0，有错误时则返回错误信息号。<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'><span style='color:fuchsia'>记录号</span><span style='mso-font-kerning:
0pt'>：一个整数表达式指定要被写的记录序号，仅用于直接文件。文件中的第一条记录的记录号为<span lang=EN-US>1，缺省值为文件中的当前位置。</span></span></p>

<p style='margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l5 level1 lfo2;
tab-stops:list 18.0pt'><a name="第7_1_1c"></a><![if !supportLists]><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:red'><span
style='mso-list:Ignore'>c)<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体;
color:red'>PRINT和TYPE语句<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-font-kerning:0pt'>PRINT语句向屏幕输出，TYPE语句是PRINT语句的别名，其规则是：<span
style='color:#FF9900'>PRINT {*|格式}[,I/O列表]</span>和<span style='color:#FF9900'>PRINT
名称列表</span>。<o:p></o:p></span></p>