sec4-2.htm

Fortran77和90/95编程入门,用于教学

style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:48.45pt'><span lang=EN-US
style='position:relative;top:25.0pt;mso-text-raise:-25.0pt'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype
 id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="75" o:preferrelative="t"
 path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f">
 <v:stroke joinstyle="miter"/>
 <v:formulas>
  <v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"/>
  <v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"/>
  <v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"/>
  <v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"/>
  <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"/>
  <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"/>
  <v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"/>
  <v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"/>
  <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"/>
  <v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"/>
  <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"/>
  <v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"/>
 </v:formulas>
 <v:path o:extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect"/>
 <o:lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="t"/>
</v:shapetype><v:shape id="_x0000_i1025" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:138pt;
 height:39.75pt' o:ole="">
 <v:imagedata src="Sec4-2.files/image004.wmz" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=184 height=53
src="Sec4-2.files/image003.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1025"><![endif]><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
 <o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.DSMT4" ShapeID="_x0000_i1025"
  DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1069697173">
 </o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--></span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:57.7pt;mso-char-indent-count:4.81;
line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;text-autospace:none;mso-char-indent-size:
12pt'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>Program Sample<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:89.15pt;mso-char-indent-count:7.43;
line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;text-autospace:none'><span
class=GramE><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>implicit</span></span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'> none<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:89.15pt;mso-char-indent-count:7.43;
line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;text-autospace:none'><span
class=GramE><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>real :</span></span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>: <span class=SpellE>x,y</span><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:89.15pt;mso-char-indent-count:7.43;
line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;text-autospace:none'><span
class=GramE><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>logical :</span></span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>: <span class=SpellE>in_side</span><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:89.15pt;mso-char-indent-count:7.43;
line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;text-autospace:none'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>read *, x ; print *,</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>‘</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>x=</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>’</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>,x<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:89.15pt;mso-char-indent-count:7.43;
line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;text-autospace:none'><span
class=SpellE><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>in_side</span></span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>=x&gt;1<span class=GramE>..and.x</span>&lt;2.<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:89.15pt;mso-char-indent-count:7.43;
line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;text-autospace:none'><span
class=GramE><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>if(</span></span><span
class=SpellE><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>in_side</span></span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>) then<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:113.05pt;mso-char-indent-count:9.42;
line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;text-autospace:none'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>y=x*x<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:89.15pt;mso-char-indent-count:7.43;
line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;text-autospace:none'><span
class=GramE><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>else</span></span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:113.05pt;mso-char-indent-count:9.42;
line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;text-autospace:none'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>y=1-x<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:89.15pt;mso-char-indent-count:7.43;
line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;text-autospace:none'><span
class=GramE><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>end</span></span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'> if<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:89.15pt;mso-char-indent-count:7.43;
line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;text-autospace:none'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>print *,</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>‘</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>y=</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>’</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>,y<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:57.7pt;mso-char-indent-count:4.81;
line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;text-autospace:none'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>End Program Sample<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-top:15.6pt;margin-right:0cm;
margin-bottom:15.6pt;margin-left:0cm;mso-para-margin-top:1.0gd;mso-para-margin-right:
0cm;mso-para-margin-bottom:1.0gd;mso-para-margin-left:0cm;text-align:center;
line-height:200%;text-autospace:none'><a name="第4_2_2"><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:16.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;mso-fareast-font-family:
楷体_GB2312'>4.2.2</span></a><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:200%;mso-fareast-font-family:楷体_GB2312'> </span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:16.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;
font-family:楷体_GB2312;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:red'>字符型数据</span><b><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;
mso-fareast-font-family:楷体_GB2312'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p style='margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo4;
tab-stops:list 18.0pt;text-autospace:none;mso-char-indent-size:10.5pt'><a
name="第4_2_2a"></a><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:red'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>a)<span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-family:宋体;color:red'>字符变量</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:宋体;color:red'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;text-autospace:none;mso-char-indent-size:
12pt'><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>字符常数的一般形式是由一对单引号‘
’或一对双引号“”限定的一串字符。字符串中的字符，允许是</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:宋体'>PORTRAN</span><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:宋体'>字符集的任意字符，如果系统还支持其它字符，例如汉字、希腊字、化学符号、数学符号，也可引入字符串内，用一对‘ ’或“”界定。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;text-autospace:none'><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>字符型数据除了有类型、种别外，比其它类型还多了一个长度特性，即规定它有几个字符数。字符型说明语句的关键字是</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>CHARACTER</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>，其长度说明方法是紧跟在</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>CHARACTER</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>后面写一对括号，<span class=GramE>括号内写</span></span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>LEN=</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>字符长度。其一般形式是：</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;text-autospace:none'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;color:#FF9900'>CHARACTER[(LEN=</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;color:#FF9900'>整型字符长度表达式</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;color:#FF9900'>[,KIND=</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;color:#FF9900'>种别值</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;color:#FF9900'>])][,</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;color:#FF9900'>属性说明</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;color:#FF9900'>] :: </span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;color:#FF9900'>变量名表</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;color:#FF9900'>[=</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;color:#FF9900'>初始值</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;color:#FF9900'>]<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;text-autospace:none'><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>其中</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>LEN</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>后面的整常数表达式规定被说明字符变量长度，为正整数，</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>LEN</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>的参数与</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>KIND</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>的参数都写在括号内，次序可以任意。在字符型说明语句中，长度说明必须有，不可省略，种别参数可以省略，此时<span
class=GramE>取标准</span>值。仅有关键字</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:宋体'>CHARACTER</span><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:宋体'>而没有括号时认为字符是一个字节长。可以省去</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>LEN=</span><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:宋体'>及</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
宋体'>KTND=</span><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>，只写参数值，此时字符长度必须写在前面。只有长度说明的语句可分为有括号和无括号两种，例如：</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:57.7pt;mso-char-indent-count:4.81;
line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;text-autospace:none'><span
class=GramE><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>CHARACTER(</span></span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>LEN=12,KIND=1) :: A,B<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:57.7pt;mso-char-indent-count:4.81;
line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;text-autospace:none'><span
class=GramE><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>CHARACTER(</span></span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>KIND=1,LEN=12) :: A,B<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:57.7pt;mso-char-indent-count:4.81;
line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;text-autospace:none'><span
class=GramE><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>CHARACTER(</span></span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>12,1) :: A,B<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:57.7pt;mso-char-indent-count:4.81;
line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;text-autospace:none'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>CHARACTER*<span class=GramE>12
:</span>: A,B<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;
text-autospace:none'><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>都是等价的，前者说明</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>X</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>、</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>Y2</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>是字符型变量，种别参数为</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>3</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>．每个变量长度为</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>12</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>。后者说明表明长度为</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>12</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>，种别值为</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>1</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>。</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;text-autospace:none'><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>长度也可以写成一个</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>*</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>号，表示长度暂不确定，待以后与程序中实际需要的长度相一致。例如：</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:57.7pt;mso-char-indent-count:4.81;
line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;text-autospace:none'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>CHARACTER(LEN=*),PARAMETER
:: C_NAME=</span><span class=GramE><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:宋体'>‘</span></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:宋体'>GIRL</span><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
宋体'>’</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:57.7pt;mso-char-indent-count:4.81;
line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;text-autospace:none'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>CHARACTER(LEN=*),PARAMETER
:: C_NAME=</span><span class=GramE><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:宋体'>‘</span></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:宋体'>BOY</span><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
宋体'>’</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;
text-autospace:none'><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>都是合法的说明语句，说明字符常量</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>C_NAME</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>，前者长度为</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>4</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>，后者长度为</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>3</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>。</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'><o:p></o:p></span></p>