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<body bgcolor="#DDFFEE" lang=ZH-TW link=blue vlink=purple style='tab-interval:
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<div class=Section1 style='layout-grid:15.6pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-top:15.6pt;margin-right:0cm;
margin-bottom:15.6pt;margin-left:0cm;mso-para-margin-top:1.0gd;mso-para-margin-right:
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text-autospace:none'><b><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:22.0pt;font-family:
华文细黑;color:navy'>非数值型数据</span></b><a name="第4_2"></a><b><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:22.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;text-autospace:none;mso-char-indent-size:
12pt'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>FORTRAN</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>五种数据类型中，有两种非数值型数据：逻辑型、字符型。要运用这两种数据，同样要掌握它们的变量说明、常数书写格式、表达式、赋值语句、编辑符、输入输出格式。掌握这两种类型，能实现信息管理方面的强大功能，在处理办公室报表、文件、文本、文本编辑时有足够手段。并使数值型计算也变得更为丰富。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-top:15.6pt;margin-right:0cm;
margin-bottom:15.6pt;margin-left:0cm;mso-para-margin-top:1.0gd;mso-para-margin-right:
0cm;mso-para-margin-bottom:1.0gd;mso-para-margin-left:0cm;text-align:center;
line-height:200%;text-autospace:none'><a name="第4_2_1"><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:16.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;mso-fareast-font-family:
楷体_GB2312'>4.2.1</span></a><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:200%;mso-fareast-font-family:楷体_GB2312'> </span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:16.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;
font-family:楷体_GB2312;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:red'>逻辑型数据</span><b><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;
mso-fareast-font-family:楷体_GB2312'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;text-autospace:none;mso-char-indent-size:
10.5pt'><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>逻辑型数据与数值型数据有本质的不同。它的<span
class=GramE>值不是</span>具体的数，而是对某个论点<span class=GramE>作出</span>的判断，常用的逻辑数据是对两个数值间等或不等关系的判断、两个字符串之间的等或不等关系的判断，也即是一个关系表达式。如果<span
class=GramE>该关系</span>成立，则称其逻辑型是‘真’，不成立则称其逻辑型是‘假’。因此<span class=GramE>逻辑型值只有</span>两个：真或假，不像整型、<span
class=GramE>实型的值可以</span>取无穷多个。复杂的逻辑表达式的基础仍是上述关系不等式，只是这些关系表达式是以某种方式连接起来的较为复杂的判断，如逻辑表达式</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>X>3.AND.X<5</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>，即‘</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>X</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>＞</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>3</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>而且</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>X</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>＜</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>5</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>’，则当点</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>X</span><span class=GramE><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>落在此</span></span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>区间时判断成立，逻辑表达式值为真，否则为假。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;text-autospace:none'><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>有关逻辑型数据的运算和逻辑表达式已在第二章中作了介绍，这里仅就涉及其说明和赋值语句。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='margin-left:0cm;text-indent:0cm;mso-list:l4 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:
list 18.0pt;text-autospace:none'><a name="第4_2_1a"></a><![if !supportLists]><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:red'><span
style='mso-list:Ignore'>a)<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-family:宋体;
color:red'>逻辑型变量</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体;color:red'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;text-autospace:none;mso-char-indent-size:
12pt'><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>对于逻辑值在程序中可变的量，则称逻辑变量，逻辑变量取名的法则同数值型变量，它也要作类型说明，而后才能在程序中按逻辑数据使用与读写。逻辑型类型说明关键字是</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>LOGICAL</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>，其类型说明语句一般形式为：</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;text-autospace:none'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;color:#FF9900'>LOGICAL[(KIND=</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;color:#FF9900'>种别值</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;color:#FF9900'>)][,</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;color:#FF9900'>属性说明表</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;color:#FF9900'>]:: </span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;color:#FF9900'>变量名表</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;color:#FF9900'>[=</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;color:#FF9900'>初始值</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;color:#FF9900'>]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;text-autospace:none'><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>例如：</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>LOGICAL(KIND=2),DIMENSION(1:10) :: X</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>，说明</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt'>X</span><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:宋体'>数组内有元素</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:宋体'>X(1),X(2),</span><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:宋体'>…</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
宋体'>,X(10)</span><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>都是种别值为</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>2</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>的逻辑型数据。</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;text-autospace:none'><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>变量名表中要说明为逻辑型的对象可以是一般变量名、数组名、函数名、构造<span
class=GramE>名等等</span>，彼此用逗号分开，还可以对变量赋以初值。例如要说明</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>L1,L2</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>是逻辑型变量，并且置</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>L1</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>初值为真，可写成：</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:57.7pt;mso-char-indent-count:4.81;
line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;text-autospace:none'><span
class=GramE><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>LOGICAL :</span></span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>: L1=.TRUE.,L2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='margin-left:0cm;text-indent:0cm;mso-list:l4 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:
list 18.0pt;text-autospace:none'><a name="第4_2_1b"></a><![if !supportLists]><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:red'><span
style='mso-list:Ignore'>b)<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-family:宋体;
color:red'>逻辑赋值</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体;color:red'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;text-autospace:none;mso-char-indent-size:
12pt'><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>逻辑变量取值的方法和数值型数据类似：赋初值、读入、使用逻辑赋值语句赋值。逻辑赋值语句的一般形式是：<span
style='color:#FF9900'>逻辑变量＝逻辑表达式</span>。它通常用来将一个较长的表达式的<span class=GramE>值赋给</span>一个逻辑型变量，而后作为条件写在</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>IF</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>语句或选择构造中，使条件变得简短明确。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>例：输入实数</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>x</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体'>，求下面的函数值。</span><span lang=EN-US
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