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<TD align=middle><FONT size=3>1996年10月托福阅读全真试题</FONT></TD></TR>
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<TD class=l17><FONT class=f14 id=zoom><BR>Question 32-44<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"><BR> </SPAN>Seventeenth-century
houses in colonial North America <BR>were simple structures that
were primarily functional carrying <BR>over traditional designs that
went back to the Middle Ages. <BR>During the first half of the
eighteenth century, however, <BR>houses began to show a new
elegance. As wealth increased, <BR>more and more colonists built
fine houses.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><BR> </SPAN>Since
architecture was not yet a specialized profession in<BR>the
colonies, the design of buildings was left either to amateur
<BR>designers or to carpenters who undertook to interpret
architectural <BR>manuals imported from England. Inventories of
colonial <BR>libraries show an astonishing number of these handbooks
for <BR>builders, and the houses erected during the eighteenth
century <BR>show their influence. Nevertheless, most domestic
architecture <BR>of the first three-quarters of the eighteenth
century <BR>displays a wide divergence of taste and freedom of
application of <BR>the rules laid down in these books.<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"><BR> </SPAN>Increasing wealth and
growing sophistication throughout <BR>the colonies resulted in
houses of improved design, whether <BR>the material was wood, stone,
or brick. New England still <BR>favored wood, though brick houses
became common in Boston <BR>and other towns, where the danger of
fire gave an impetus to <BR>the use of more durable material. A few
houses in New <BR>England were built of stone, but only in
Pennsylvania and adjacent <BR>areas was stone widely used in
dwellings. An increased use of <BR>brick in houses and outbuildings
is noticeable in Virginia and <BR>Maryland, but wood remained that
most popular material even <BR>in houses built by wealthy
landowners. In the Carolinas, even <BR>in closely packed Charleston,
wooden houses were much more <BR>common than brick houses.<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"><BR> </SPAN>Eighteenth-century
houses showed great interior improvements <BR>over their
predecessors. Windows were made larger <BR>and shutters removed.
Large, clear panes replaced the small <BR>leaded glass of the
seventeenth century. Doorways were larger <BR>and more decorative.
Fireplaces became decorative features of <BR>rooms. Walls were made
of plaster or wood, sometimes elaborately <BR>paneled. White paint
began to take the place of blues, <BR>yellows, greens, and lead
colors, which had been popular for <BR>walls in the earlier years.
After about 1730, advertisements <BR>for wallpaper styles in scenic
patterns began to appear in <BR>colonial newspapers.<BR>32.What does
the passage mainly discuss?<BR>(A)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>The improved design of
eighteenth-century colonial houses.<BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>A comparison of
eighteenth-century houses and modern houses.<BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>The decorations used in
eighteenth-century houses.<BR>(D)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>The role of carpenters in
building eighteenth-century houses.<BR>33.<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>What was one of the main
reasons for the change in architectural style in eighteenth-century
North America?<BR>(A)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>More architects arrived in the
colonies.<BR>(B)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>The
colonists developed an interest in classical
architecture.<BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Bricks were more readily
available.<BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>The
colonists had more money to spend on housing.<BR>34.According to the
passage, who was responsible for designing houses in
eighteenth-century North<BR>America?<BR>(A)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Professional
architects<BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Customers<BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Interior
decorators<BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>Carpenters.<BR>35.The passage implies that the rules outlined
in architectural manuals were<BR>(A)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>generally ignored<BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>legally binding<BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>not strictly adhered
to<BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>only followed
by older builders<BR>36.The word "divergence" in line 15 is closest
in meaning to<BR>(A)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>description<BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>development<BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>difference<BR>(D)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>display<BR>37.The word "durable" in
line 22 is closest in meaning to<BR>(A)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>attractive<BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>expensive<BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>refined<BR>(D)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>long-lasting<BR>38.Where was stone
commonly used to build houses?<BR>(A)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Virginia<BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Pennsylvania<BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Boston<BR>(D)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Charleston<BR>39.The word
"dwellings" in line 24 is closest in meaning to<BR>(A)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>houses<BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>towns<BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>outbuildings<BR>(D)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>rural areas<BR>40.The word
"predecessors" in line 31 refers to<BR>(A)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>colonist who arrived in North
America in the seventeenth century.<BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>houses constructed before the
eighteenth century<BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>interior
improvements<BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>wooden
houses in Charleston<BR>41.The author mentions elaborately paneled
walls in line 35-36 as an example of <BR>(A)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>how the interior design of
colonial houses was improved.<BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>why walls were made of wood or
plaster.<BR>(C)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>How walls
were made stronger in the eighteenth century.<BR>(D)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>What kind of wood was used for
walls after 1730.<BR>42.The word "elaborately" in line 35-36 is
closest in meaning to<BR>(A)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>done in great
detail<BR>(B)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>put
together carefully<BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>using many colors<BR>(D)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>reinforced structurally<BR>43.What
does the author imply about the use of wallpaper before
1730?<BR>(A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Wallpaper
samples appeared in the architectural manuals.<BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Wallpaper was the same color
as the wall paints used<BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Patterned wallpaper was not
widely used.<BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Wallpaper
was not used in stone house.<BR>44.Where in the passage does the
author give a reason why brick was the preferred material for houses
in some urban areas?<BR>(A)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Lines 9-11<BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Lines 13-15<BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Lines 17-19<BR>(D)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Lines
23-24<BR></FONT></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
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