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<TD align=middle><FONT size=3>1998年5月托福阅读全真试题 </FONT></TD></TR>
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<P align=left class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 14.4pt; TEXT-INDENT: -14.4pt; tab-stops: 13.0pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US>Questions 31-40<O:P> <BR>Growing tightly packed
together and collectively weaving <BR>a dense canopy of
branches, a stand of red alder trees can <BR>totally dominate a
site to the exclusion of almost everything else. <BR>Certain
species such as salmonberry and sword ferns have <BR>Line<B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"> </I></B>adapted to the limited
sunlight dappling through the canopy, <BR>but few evergreen
trees <I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">(S) </I>will survive
there; still fewer can compete <BR>with the early prodigious
growth of alders. A Douglas fir <BR>tree reaches its maximum
rate of growth ten years later than <BR>an alder, and if the
two of them begin life at the same time, <BR>the alder quickly
outgrows and dominates the Douglas fir. <BR>After an alder
canopy has closed, the Douglas fir suffers a <BR>marked
decrease in growth, often dying within seven years. <BR>Even
more shade-tolerant<O:P> species of trees such as hemlock
may <BR>remain badly suppressed beneath aggressive young
alders.<O:P> <BR>Companies engaged in intensive timber cropping
naturally <BR>take a dim view of alders suppressing more
valuable evergreen <BR>trees. But times are changing; a new
generation of foresters <BR>seems better prepared to Include in
their management plans <BR>consideration of the vital
ecological role alders, play.<O:P> <BR>Among the alder's
valuable ecological contributions is its <BR>capacity to fix
nitrogen in nitrogen-deficient soils. Alder roots <BR>contain
clusters of nitrogen-fixing nodules like those found
on <BR>legumes such as beans. in addition, newly developing
soils <BR>exposed by recent glacier retreat and planted with
alders show <BR>that these trees are applying the equivalent of
ten bags of high-<BR>nitrogen fertilizer to each hectare per year.
Other chemical <BR>changes to soil in which they are growing
Include a lowering of <BR>the base content and rise In soil
acidity, as well as a substantial <BR>addition of carbon and
calcium. to the soil.<BR>Another important role many alders play in
the wild, particularly <BR>in mountainous areas, is to check
the rush of water <BR>during spring melt. In Japan and
elsewhere, the trees are <BR>planted to stabilize soil on steep
mountain slopes. Similarly, <BR>alders have been planted to
stabilize and rehabilitate waste <BR>material left over from
old mines, flood deposits, and landslide <BR>areas in both
Europe and Asia.<O:P> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P>
<P align=left class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 36pt; TEXT-INDENT: -36pt; tab-stops: 25.0pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US>31.What does the passage mainly discuss?<O:P>
<BR>(A)Differences between alder trees and Douglas fir
trees<O:P> <BR>(B)Alder trees as a source of timber<O:P>
<BR>(C)Management plans for using alder trees to improve
soil<O:P> <BR>(D)The relation of alder trees to their forest
environments<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P align=left class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 36pt; TEXT-INDENT: -36pt; tab-stops: 25.0pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US>32.The word "dense" in line I is closest in meaning
to<O:P> <BR>(A)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>dark</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><O:P>
</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>tall</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><O:P>
</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>thick</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><O:P>
</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR>(D)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>broad<O:P> </SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P align=left class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 14.4pt; TEXT-INDENT: -14.4pt; tab-stops: 30.0pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US>33.Alder trees can suppress the growth of nearby trees by
depriving them of<O:P> <BR>(A)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>nitrogen<O:P>
<BR>(B)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>sunlight<O:P> <BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>soil nutrients<O:P>
<BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>water<O:P>
</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P align=left class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 14.4pt; TEXT-INDENT: -14.4pt; tab-stops: 30.0pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US>34.Thc passage suggests that Douglas fir trees are<O:P>
<BR>(A)a type of alder<O:P> <BR>(B)a type of
evergreen<O:P> <BR>(C)similar to sword ferns<O:P>
<BR>(D)fast-growing trees<O:P> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P align=left class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 14.4pt; TEXT-INDENT: -14.4pt; tab-stops: 30.0pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US>35.It can be inferred from paragraph I that hemlock
trees<O:P> <BR>(A) are similar in size to alder trees.<O:P>
<BR>(B) interfere with the growth of Douglas fir trees<O:P>
<BR>(C) reduce the number of alder trees In the forest<O:P>
<BR>(D) need less sunlight than do Douglas fir trees<O:P>
</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P align=left class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 14.4pt; TEXT-INDENT: -14.4pt; tab-stops: 30.0pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US>36.It can be inferred from paragraph 2 that previous
generations of foresters<O:P> <BR>(A) did not study the
effects of alders on forests<O:P> <BR>(B) did not want alders
In forests<O:P> <BR>(C) harvested alders for lumber<O:P>
<BR>(D) used alders to control the growth of evergreens<O:P>
</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P align=left class=MsoNormal style="tab-stops: 15.0pt 30.0pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US>37.The word "they" in line 27 refers to<O:P>
<BR>(A) newly developing soils<O:P> <BR>(B) alders<O:P>
<BR>(C) bags<O:P> <BR>(D) chemical changes<O:P>
</SPAN></P>
<P align=left class=MsoNormal style="tab-stops: 15.0pt 30.0pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US>38.According to the passage that alders are used in
mountainous areas to</SPAN><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><O:P>
</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR>(A) nitrogen<O:P>
<BR>(B) calcium<O:P> <BR>(C) carbon<O:P> <BR>(D)
oxygen<O:P> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P align=left class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 14.4pt; TEXT-INDENT: -14.4pt; tab-stops: 30.0pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US>39.It can be Inferred from the passage that alders are
used in mountainous areas to<O:P> <BR>(A) prevent water from
carrying away soil<O:P> <BR>(B) hold the snow<O:P>
<BR>(C) protect mines<O:P> <BR>(D) provide material for
housing<O:P> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P align=left class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 14.4pt; TEXT-INDENT: -14.4pt; tab-stops: 30.0pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US>40.What is the author's main purpose in the passage?<O:P>
<BR>(A) To argue that alder trees are useful in forest
management<O:P> <BR>(B) To explain the life cycle of alder
trees<O:P> <BR>(C) To criticize the way alders take over and
eliminate forests<O:P> <BR>(D) To illustrate how alder trees
control soil erosion<O:P>
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