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<P></P>
<P>Questions 33-44</P>
<P align=left>By the 1820's in the United States, when steamboats
<BR>were common on western waters, these boats were mostly
<BR>powered by engines built in the West (Pittsburgh, Cincinnati,
<BR>or Louisville), and of a distinctive western design specially
<BR>suited to western needs. The first steam engines in practical
<BR>use in England and the United States were of low pressure
<BR>design. This was the type first developed by James Watt, then
<BR>manufactured by the firm of Boulton and Watt, and long the
<BR>standard industrial engine. Steam was accumulated in a large,
<BR>double-acting vertical cylinder, but the steam reached only a
<BR>few pounds of pressure per square inch. It was low-pressure
<BR>engines of this type that were first introduced into the United
<BR>States by Robert Fulton. He imported such a Boulton and <BR>Watt
engine from England to run the Clermont. But this type <BR>of engine
was expensive and complicated, requiring many <BR>precision-fitted
moving parts.
<P>The engine that became standard on western steamboats <BR>was of
a different and novel design. It was the work primarily <BR>of an
unsung hero of American industrial progress, Oliver
<BR>Evans(1755-1819). The self-educated son of a Delaware
<BR>farmer. Evans early became obsessed by the possibilities of
<BR>mechanized production and steam power. As early as 1802 he
<BR>was using a stationary steam engine of high-pressure design in
<BR>his mill. Engines of this type were not unknown, but before
<BR>Evans they were generally considered impractical and
<BR>dangerous.<U><BR></U>Within a decade the high-pressure engine,
the new type, <BR>had become standard on western waters. Critics
ignorant of <BR>western conditions often attacked it as wasteful and
dangerous.<BR>But people who really knew the Ohio, the Missouri, and
<BR>the Mississippi insisted, with good reasons, that it was the
only <BR>engine for them. In shallow western rivers the weight of
<BR>vessel and engine was important; a heavy engine added to the
<BR>problem of navigation. The high-pressure engine was far
<BR>lighter in proportion to horsepower, and, with less than half
<BR>as many moving parts, was much easier and cheaper to repair.
<BR>The main advantages of low-pressure engines were safe operation
<BR>and economy of fuel consumption, neither of which meant <BR>much
in the West.
<P>33.What is the passage mainly about?</P>
<P>(A) Streamboat engines in the western United States<BR>(B) River
travel in the western United States<BR>(C) A famous United States
inventor<BR>(D) The world's first practical streamboat</P>
<P>34.What was the <I>Clermont</I> (line14)?</P>
<P>(A) A river<BR>(B) A factory<BR>(C) A boat<BR>(D) an engine</P>
<P>35.Who developed the kind of stream engine used on western
streamboats?</P>
<P>(A) Watt<BR>(B) Boulton<BR>(C) Fulton<BR>(D) Evans</P>
<P>36.The word "novel" in line 18 is closest in meaning to</P>
<P>(A) fictional<BR>(B) intricate<BR>(C) innovative<BR>(D)
powerful</P>
<P>37.What option of Evans is suggested by the use of the term
"unsung hero" in line 18?</P>
<P>(A) More people should recognize the importance of his
work.<BR>(B) More of his inventions should be used today.<BR>(C) He
should be credited with inventing the stream engine.<BR>(D) More
should be learned about his early life.</P>
<P>38.What does the author imply about Evans?</P>
<P>(A) He went to England to learn about stream power.<BR>(B) He
worked for Fulton.<BR>(C) He traveled extensively in the
West.<BR>(D) He taught himself about stream engines.</P>
<P>39.The word "stationary" in line 23 is closest in meaning to</P>
<P>(A) single<BR>(B) fixed<BR>(C) locomotoiv<BR>(D) modified</P>
<P>40.The word "they" in line 25 refers to</P>
<P>(A) engines<BR>(B) mechanized production and steam power<BR>(C)
possibilities<BR>(D) steamboats</P>
<P>41.What does the author imply about the western rivers?</P>
<P>(A) It was difficult to find fuel near them.<BR>(B) They flooded
frequently.<BR>(C) They were difficult to navigate.<BR>(D) They were
rarely used for transportation.</P>
<P>42.The word "it" in line 31 refers to</P>
<P>(A) decade<BR>(B) high-pressure engine<BR>(C) weight<BR>(D)
problem</P>
<P>43.The word "vessel" in line 33 is closest in meaning to</P>
<P>(A) fuel<BR>(B) crew<BR>(C) cargo<BR>(D) craft</P>
<P>44.Which of the following points was made by the critics of
high-pressure engines?</P>
<P>(A) They are expensive to import.<BR>(B) They are not powerful
enough for western waters.<BR>(C) They are dangerous.<BR>(D) They
weigh too
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