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<TD class=l17><FONT class=f14 id=zoom></O:P></SPAN>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>Question 14-22<O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Mass transportation revised
the social and economic fabric <BR>of the American city in
three fundamental ways. It catalyzed <BR>physical expansion, it
sorted out people and land uses, <BR>and it accelerated the
inherent instability of urban life. By <BR>opening vast areas
of unoccupied land for residential expansion, <BR>the
omnibuses, horse railways, commuter trains, and <BR>electric
trolleys pulled settled regions outward two to four <BR>times
more distant from city centers than they were in the pre-<BR>modern
era. In 1850, for example, the borders of Boston
lay <BR>scarcely two miles from the old business district; by
the turn of <BR>the century the radius extended ten miles. Now
those who <BR>could afford it could live far removed from the
old city center <BR>and still commute there for work, shopping,
and entertainment. <BR>The new accessibility of land around the
periphery of <BR>almost every major city sparked an explosion
of real estate <BR>development and fueled what we now know as
urban sprawl. <BR>Between 1890 and 1920, for example, some
250,000 new <BR>residential lots were recorded within the
borders of Chicago, most <BR>of them located in outlying areas.
Over the same period, <BR>another 550,000 were plotted outside
the city limits but within <BR>the metropolitan area. Anxious
to take advantage of the <BR>possibilities of commuting, real
estate developers added 800,000 <BR>potential building sites to
the Chicago region in just thirty <BR>years – lots that could
have housed five to six million people.<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Of course, many were never
occupied; there was always <BR>a huge surplus of subdivided,
but vacant, land around Chicago <BR>and other cities. These
excesses underscore a feature of <BR>residential expansion
related to the growth of mass transportation: <BR>urban sprawl
was essentially unplanned. It was carried out by <BR>thousands
of small investors who paid little heed to coordinated <BR>land
use or to future land users. Those who purchased
and <BR>prepared land for residential purposes, particularly
land near or <BR>outside city borders where transit lines and
middle-class <BR>inhabitants were anticipated, did so to create
demand as much as <BR>to respond to it. Chicago is a prime
example of this process. <BR>Real estate subdivision there
proceeded much faster than <BR>population growth.<O:P>
<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>14. With which of the following
subjects is the passage mainly concerned?<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 19.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -19.5pt; tab-stops: 19.5pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US> (A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>Types of mass transportation.<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Instability of urban
life.<O:P> <BR>(C)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>How supply and demand determine land use.<O:P>
<BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>The
effects of mass transportation on urban expansion.<O:P> </SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>15. The author mentions all of
the following as effects of mass transportation on cities EXCEPT
<O:P></O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 19.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -19.5pt; tab-stops: 19.5pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US> (A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>growth in city area<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>separation of commercial and
residential districts.<O:P> <BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Changes in life in the inner
city.<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>Increasing standards of living.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>16. The word "vast" in line 5 is
closest in meaning to<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 19.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -19.5pt; tab-stops: 19.5pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US> (A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>large<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>basic<O:P> <BR>(C)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>new<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>urban<O:P> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>17. The word "sparked" in line
15 is closest in meaning to<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18.75pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18.75pt; tab-stops: 18.75pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US> (A)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>brought about<O:P>
<BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>surrounded<O:P>
<BR>(C)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>sent
out<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>followed<O:P> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>18. Why does the author mention
both Boston and Chicago?<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 19.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -19.5pt; tab-stops: 19.5pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US> (A)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>To demonstrate positive and
negative effects of growth.<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>To show that mass transit
changed many cities.<O:P> <BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>To exemplify cities with and
without mass transportation.<O:P> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><BR>(D)
To contrast their rates of growth <O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>19. The word "potential" in line
23 is closest in meaning to <O:P></O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18.75pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18.75pt; tab-stops: 18.75pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US> (A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>certain<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>popular<O:P>
<BR>(C)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>improved<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>possible<O:P> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>20. The word "many" in line 25
refers to<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18.75pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18.75pt; tab-stops: 18.75pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US> (A)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>people<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>lots<O:P> <BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>years<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>developers<O:P> </SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>21. According to the passage,
what was one disadvantage of residential expansion?<O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 19.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -19.5pt; tab-stops: 19.5pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US> (A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>It was expensive.<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>It happened too slowly.<O:P>
<BR>(C)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>It was
unplanned.<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>It created a demand for public transportation.<O:P>
</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>22. The author mentions Chicago
in the second paragraph as an example of a city<O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 19.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -19.5pt; tab-stops: 19.5pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US> (A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>that is large<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>that is used as a model for
land development<O:P> <BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>where land development
exceeded population growth<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>with an excellent mass
transportation system.<O:P>
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