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<TD align=middle><FONT size=3>1997年8月托福阅读全真试题</FONT></TD></TR>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>Question 29-38<O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Each advance in microscopic
technique has provided <BR>scientists with new perspectives on
the function of living <BR>organisms and the nature of matter
itself. The invention of the <BR>visible-light microscope late
in the sixteenth century introduced a <BR>previously unknown
realm of single-celled plants and animals.<BR> In the twentieth
century, electron microscopes have provided <BR>direct views of
viruses and minuscule surface structures. Now <BR>another type
of microscope, one that utilize x-rays rather than <BR>light or
electrons, offers a different way of examining
tiny <BR>details, it should extend human perception still
farther into the <BR>natural world.<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>The dream of building an
x-ray microscope dates to <BR>1895, its development, however,
was virtually halted in the <BR>1940's because the development
of the electron microscope <BR>was progressing rapidly. During
the 1940's electron micro-<BR>scopes routinely achieved resolution
better than that possible <BR>with a visible-light microscope,
while the performance of x-ray <BR>microscopes resisted
improvement. In recent years, however, <BR>interest in x-ray
microscopes has revived, largely because of <BR>advances such
as the development of new sources of x-ray <BR>illumination. As
a result, the brightness available today is <BR>millions of
times that of x-ray tubes, which, for most of the <BR>century,
were the only available sources of soft x-rays.<O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>The new x-ray microscopes
considerably improve on the <BR>resolution provided by optical
microscopes. They can also be <BR>used to map the distribution
of certain chemical elements. <BR>Some can form pictures in
extremely short times, others hold <BR>the promise of special
capabilities such as three dimensional <BR>imaging. Unlike
conventional electron microscopy, x-ray <BR>microscopy enables
specimens to be kept in air and in water, <BR>which means that
biological samples can be studied under <BR>conditions similar
to their natural state. The illumination used, <BR>so-called
soft x-rays in the wavelength range of twenty to
forty <BR>angstroms (an angstrom is one ten-billionth of a
meter), is <BR>also sufficiently penetrating to image intact
biological cells in <BR>many cases. Because of the wavelength
of the x-rays used, <BR>soft x-ray microscopes will never match
the highest resolution <BR>possible with electron microscopes.
Rather, their special pro-<BR>perties will make possible
investigations that will complement <BR>those performed with
light- and electron-based instruments.<O:P> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: -12pt; tab-stops: 12.0pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US>30.What does the passage mainly discuss?<O:P>
<BR>(A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>The detail
seen through a microscope<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Sources of illumination for
microscopes<O:P> <BR>(C)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>A new kind of microscope<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Outdated microscopic
technique<O:P> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: -12pt; tab-stops: 12.0pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US>31.According to the passage, the invention of the
visible-light microscope allowed scientists to
<O:P> <BR>(A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>see
viruses directly<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>develop the electron
microscope later on<O:P> <BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>understand more about the
distribution of the chemical elements<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>discover single celled plants and
animals they had never seen before.<O:P> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: -12pt; tab-stops: 12.0pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US>32.The word "minuscule" in line 7 is closest in meaning
to <O:P> <BR>(A)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>circular<O:P>
<BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>dangerous<O:P>
<BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>complex<O:P>
<BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>tiny<O:P>
</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: -12pt; tab-stops: 12.0pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US>33.The word "it" in line 10 refers to
<O:P> <BR>(A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>a type
of microscope<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>human perception<O:P>
<BR>(C)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>the natural
world<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>light<O:P> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: -12pt; tab-stops: 12.0pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US>34.Why does the another mention me visible light
microscope in the first paragraph?<O:P> <BR>(A)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>To begin a discussion of
sixteenth century discoveries.<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>To put the x-ray microscope
in historical perspective<O:P> <BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>To show how limited its uses
are<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>To explain how it functioned<O:P> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: -12pt; tab-stops: 12.0pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US>35.Why did it take so long to develop the x-ray
microscope?<O:P> <BR>(A)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Funds for research were
insufficient.<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>The source of illumination was
not bright enough until recently.<O:P> <BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Materials used to manufacture
x-ray tubes were difficult to obtain<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>X-ray microscopes were too
complicated to operate.<O:P> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: -12pt; tab-stops: 12.0pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US>36.The word "enables" in line 30 is closest in meaning
to<O:P> <BR>(A)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>constitutes<O:P>
<BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>specifies<O:P>
<BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>expands<O:P>
<BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>allows<O:P>
</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: -12pt; tab-stops: 12.0pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US>37.The word "Rather" in line 38 is closest in meaning
to<O:P> <BR>(A)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>significantly<O:P>
<BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>preferably<O:P>
<BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>somewhat<O:P>
<BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>instead<O:P>
</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: -12pt; tab-stops: 12.0pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US>38.The word "those" in line 40 refers to<O:P>
<BR>(A)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>properties<O:P>
<BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>investigations<O:P>
<BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>microscopes<O:P>
<BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>x-rays<O:P>
</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: -12pt; tab-stops: 12.0pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US>39.Based on the information in the passage, what can be
inferred about x-ray microscopes in the future?<O:P>
<BR>(A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>They will
probably replace electron microscopes altogether.<O:P>
<BR>(B)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>They will
eventually be much cheaper to produce than they are now.<O:P>
<BR>(C)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>They will
provide information not available from other kinds of
microscopes.<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>They will eventually change
the illumination range that they now use.<O:P>
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