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<TD align=middle><FONT size=3>1995年10月托福阅读全真试题</FONT></TD></TR>
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<TD class=l17><FONT class=f14 id=zoom></O:P></SPAN>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>Questions 42-50<O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>For a century and a half the
piano has been one of the <BR>most popular solo instruments for
Western music. Unlike <BR>string and wind instrument, the piano
is completely self-<BR>sufficient, as it is able to play both the
melody and its <BR>accompanying harmony at the same time. For
this reason, it <BR>became the favorite household instrument of
the <BR>nineteenth century.<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>The ancestry of the piano
can be traced to the early key<BR>board instruments of the fifteenth
and sixteenth centu<O:P>ries – the <BR>spinet, the dulcimer,
and the virginal. In the seventeenth <BR>century the organ, the
clavichord, and the harpsichord became <BR>the chief
instruments of the keyboard group, a supremacy
they <BR>maintained until the piano supplanted them at the end
of the <BR>eighteenth century. The clavichord's tone was
metallic and <BR>never powerful; nevertheless, because of the
variety of tone <BR>possible to it, many composers found the
clavichord a sympa<BR>-thetic instrument for intimate chamber music.
The harpsichord<BR>with its bright, vigorous tone was the favorite
instrument<BR>for supporting the bass of the small orchestra of the
period and <BR>for concert use but the character of the tone
could not be <BR>varied save by mechanical or structural
devices.<BR><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>The piano
was perfected in the early eighteenth century <BR>by a
harpsichord maker in Italy (though musicologists point <BR>out
several previous instances of the instrument). This
instrument <BR>was called a piano e forte(soft and loud), to
indicate its <BR>dynamic versatility; its strings were struck
by a recoiling hammer <BR>with a felt-padded head. The wires
were much heavier <BR>in the earlier instruments. A series of
mechanical improvements <BR>continuing well into the nineteenth
century, including <BR>the introduction of pedals to sustain
tone or to soften it, the <BR>perfection of a metal frame and
steel wire of the finest quality, <BR>finally produced an
instrument capable of myriad tonal <BR>effects from the most
delicate harmonies to an almost <BR>orchestral fullness of
sound, from a liquid, singing tone to <BR>a sharp, percussive
brilliance.<O:P> <O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>42. What does the passage mainly
discuss?<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 19.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -19.5pt; tab-stops: 19.5pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US> (A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>The historical development of the piano<O:P>
<BR>(B)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>The
quality of tone produced by various keyboard instruments<O:P>
<BR>(C)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>The uses
of keyboard instruments in various types of compositions<O:P>
<BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>The
popularity of the piano with composers<O:P> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>43. Which of the following
instruments was widely used before the seventeenth century?<O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 19.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -19.5pt; tab-stops: 19.5pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US> (A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>The harpsichord<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>The spinet<O:P>
<BR>(C)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>The
clavichord<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>The organ<O:P> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>44. The words "a supremacy" in
line 12 are closest in meaning to <O:P></O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18.75pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18.75pt; tab-stops: 18.75pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US> (A)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>a suggestion<O:P>
<BR>(B)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>an
improvement<O:P> <BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>a dominance<O:P>
<BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>a
development<O:P> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>45. The word "supplanted" in
line 13 is closest in meaning to <O:P></O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18.75pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18.75pt; tab-stops: 18.75pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US> (A)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>supported<O:P>
<BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>promoted<O:P>
<BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>replaced<O:P>
<BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>dominated<O:P>
</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>46. The word "it" in line 15
refers to the <O:P></O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 19.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -19.5pt; tab-stops: 19.5pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US> (A)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>variety<O:P>
<BR>(B)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>music<O:P>
<BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>harpsichord<O:P>
<BR>(D)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>clavichord<O:P> </SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>47. According to the passage,
what deficiency did the harpsichord have?<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 19.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -19.5pt; tab-stops: 19.5pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US> (A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>It was fragile<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>It lacked variety in
tone.<O:P> <BR>(C)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>It sounded metallic.<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>It could not produce a strong
sound.<O:P> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>48. Where in the passage does
the author provide a translation?<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 19.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -19.5pt; tab-stops: 19.5pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US> (A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>Lines 4-5<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Lines 13-15<O:P>
<BR>(C)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Lines
18-19<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>Lines 20-25<O:P> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>49. According to the information
in the third paragraph, which of the following improvements made it
possible to lengthen the tone produced by the piano?<O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 19.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -19.5pt; tab-stops: 19.5pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US> (A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>The introduction of pedals<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>The use of heavy wires<O:P>
<BR>(C)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>The use of
felt-padded hammerheads<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>The metal frame
construction<O:P> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>50. The word "myriad" in line 32
is closest in meaning to <O:P></O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 19.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -19.5pt; tab-stops: 19.5pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US> (A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>noticeable<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>many<O:P> <BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>loud<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>unusual<O:P> </SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></FONT></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
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