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<P class=MsoNormal><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN
lang=EN-US><?XML:NAMESPACE PREFIX = O /><O:P> </SPAN></B><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><O:P></O:P></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>Questions 1-13<O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Atmospheric pressure can
support a column of water up to <BR>10 meters high. But plants
can move water much higher, the <BR>sequoia tree can pump water
to its very top, more than 100 <BR>meters above the ground.
Until the end of the nineteenth century,<BR>the movement of water in
trees and other tall plants <BR>was a mystery. Some botanists
hypothesized that the living <BR>cells of plants acted as
pumps, But many experiments demonstrated <BR>that the stems of
plants in which all the cells are killed <BR>can still move
water to appreciable heights. Other explanations <BR>for the
movement of water in plants have been based on
root <BR>pressure, a push on the water from the roots at the
bottom of <BR>the plant. But root pressure is not nearly great
enough to push <BR>water to the tops of tall trees.
Furthermore, the conifers, <BR>which are among the tallest
trees, have unusually low root <BR>pressures.<O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>If water is not pumped to
the top of a tall tree, and if it <BR>is not pushed to the top
of a tall tree, then we may ask, How <BR>does it get there?
According to the currently accepted cohesion<BR>-tension theory,
water is pulled there. The pull on a rising <BR>column of water
in a plant results from the evaporation of <BR>water at the top
of the plant. As water is lost from the surface of <BR>the
leaves, a negative pressure, or tension, is created.
The <BR>evaporated water is replaced by water moving from
inside the plant <BR>in unbroken columns that extend from the
top of a plant to its <BR>roots. The same forces that create
surface tension in any <BR>sample of water are responsible for
the maintenance of these <BR>unbroken columns of water. When
water is confined in tubes of <BR>very small bore, the forces
of cohesion (the attraction between <BR>water molecules) are so
great that the strength of a column <BR>of water compares with
the strength of a steel wire of <BR>the same diameter. This
cohesive strength permits columns of <BR>water to be pulled to
great heights without being broken.<O:P> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; tab-stops: 12.0pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US>1.<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>How many
theories does the author mention?<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18.75pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18.75pt; tab-stops: 18.75pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US> (A)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>One<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Two<O:P> <BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Three<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Four<O:P> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; tab-stops: 12.0pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US>2.<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>The passage
answers which of the following questions?<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18.75pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18.75pt; tab-stops: 18.75pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US> (A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>What is the effect of atmospheric pressure on foliage?<O:P>
<BR>(B)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>When do
dead cells harm plant growth?<O:P> <BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>How does water get to the
tops of trees?<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>Why is root pressure weak?<O:P> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; tab-stops: 12.0pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US>3.<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>The word
"demonstrated" in line 7 is closest in meaning to<O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 19.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -19.5pt; tab-stops: 19.5pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US> (A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>ignored<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>showed<O:P>
<BR>(C)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>disguised<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>distinguished<O:P>
</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>4. What do the experiments
mentioned in lines 7-9 prove?<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18.75pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18.75pt; tab-stops: 18.75pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US> (A)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Plant stems die when deprived
of water<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Cells in plant stems do not
pump water<O:P> <BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Plants cannot move water to
high altitudes<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>Plant cells regulate pressure within stems<O:P> </SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>5.How do botanists know that
root pressure is not the only force that moves water in plants?<O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18.75pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18.75pt; tab-stops: 18.75pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US> (A)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Some very tall trees have weak
root pressure.<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Root pressures decrease in
winter.<O:P> <BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Plants can live after their
roots die.<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>Water in a plant's roots is not connected to water in its
stem.<O:P> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>6. Which of the following
statements does the passage support?<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; tab-stops: 15.75pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US> (A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>Water is pushed to the tops of trees.<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Botanists have proven that living
cells act as pumps.<O:P> <BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Atmospheric pressure draws water to
the tops of tall trees.<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Botanists have changed their
theories of how water moves in plants.<O:P> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>7. The word "it" in line 16
refers to<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; tab-stops: 16.5pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US> (A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>top<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>tree<O:P> <BR>(C)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>water<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>cohesion-tension theory.<O:P> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>8. The word "there" in line 18
refers to<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 19.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -19.5pt; tab-stops: 19.5pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US> (A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>treetops<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>roots<O:P> <BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>water columns<O:P>
<BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>tubes<O:P>
</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>9. What causes the tension that
draws water up a plant?<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 19.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -19.5pt; tab-stops: 19.5pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US> (A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>Humidity<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Plant growth<O:P>
<BR>(C)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Root
pressure<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>Evaporation<O:P> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>10. The word "extend" in line 24
is closest in meaning to<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18.75pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18.75pt; tab-stops: 18.75pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US> (A)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>stretch<O:P>
<BR>(B)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>branch<O:P>
<BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>increase<O:P>
<BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>rotate<O:P>
</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>11. According to the passage,
why does water travel through plants in unbroken columns?<O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 19.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -19.5pt; tab-stops: 19.5pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US> (A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>Root pressure moves the water very rapidly.<O:P>
<BR>(B)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>The
attraction between water molecules in strong.<O:P>
<BR>(C)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>The living
cells of plants push the water molecules together.<O:P>
<BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>Atmospheric pressure supports the columns.<O:P> </SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>12.Why does the author mention
steel wire in line 30?<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; tab-stops: 16.8pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US> (A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>To
illustrate another means of pulling water<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>To demonstrate why wood is a good
building material <O:P> <BR>(C)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>To indicate the size of a column of water<O:P>
<BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>To emphasize the
strength of cohesive forces in water<O:P> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>13.Where in the passage does the
author give an example of a plant with low root pressure?<O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; tab-stops: 17.4pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US> (A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>Lines3-4<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>Lines5-7<O:P> <BR>(C)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>Lines10-11<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>Lines12-13<O:P> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
<BR></FONT></SPAN></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
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