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<TD align=middle><FONT size=3>1998年1月托福阅读全真试题 </FONT></TD></TR>
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<TD class=l17><FONT class=f14 id=zoom></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN>
<P></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="tab-stops: 16.0pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US>Question 41-50<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="tab-stops: 30.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>The development of jazz can
be seen as part of the larger continuum of American popular music,
especially dance music. In the twenties, jazz became the hottest new
thing in dance<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"> </B>music,
much as ragtime had at the turn of the century, and as would<I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"> </I>rhythm and blues in the
fifties</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">, </SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US>rock in the fifties, and disco in the seventies.<O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="tab-stops: 34.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>But two characteristics
distinguish jazz from other dance music. The first is improvisation,
the changing of a musical phrase according to the player's
inspiration. Like all artists, jazz musicians strive for an
individual style, and the improvise or paraphrased is a jazz
musician's main opportunity to display his or her individuality. In
early jazz, musicians often improvised melodies collectively, thus
creating a kind of polyphony. There was little soloing as such,
although some New Orleans players, particularly cornet player Buddy
Bolden, achieved local fame for their ability to improvise a solo.
Later the idea of the chorus-long or multichorus solo took hold.
Louis Armstrong's instrumental brilliance, demonstrated through
extended solos, was a major influence in this development.<O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="tab-stops: 34.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Even in the early
twenties, however, some jazz bands had featured soloists. Similarly,
show orchestras and carnival bands often included one or two such
"get-off" musicians. Unimproved, completely structured jazz does
exist, but the ability of the best jazz musicians to create music of
great cohesion and beauty during performance has been a hallmark of
the music and its major source of inspiration and change.<O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="tab-stops: 34.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>The second distinguishing
characteristic of jazz is a rhythmic drive that was initially called
"hot" and later "swing". In playing hot , a musician consciously
departs from strict meter to create a relaxed sense of phrasing that
also emphasizes the underlying rhythms.("Rough" tone and use of
moderate vibrato also contributed to a hot sound .) Not all jazz is
hot, however, many early bands played unadorned published
arrangements of popular songs. Still, the proclivity to play hot
distinguished the jazz musician from other instrumentalists.<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><O:P> </SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="tab-stops: 34.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>41.The
passage answers which of the following questions?<O:P>
<BR>(A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>which early
jazz musicians most Influenced rhythm and blues music?<O:P>
<BR>(B)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>What are
the differences between jazz and other forms of music?<O:P>
<BR>(C)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Why Is
dancing closely related to popular music in the United
States?<O:P> <BR>(D) What Instruments comprised a typical jazz
band of the 1920's?<O:P> </SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="tab-stops: 34.0pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US>42.Which of the following preceded jazz as a popular
music for dancing?<O:P> <BR>(A)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Disco<O:P> <SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"><BR></SPAN>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Rock<O:P> <BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Rhythm and
blues<O:P> <BR>(D) Ragtime<O:P> </SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="tab-stops: 34.0pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US>43.According to the passage, jazz musicians are able to
demonstrate their individual artistry mainly by?<O:P>
<BR>(A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>creating musical
variations while performing<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>preparing musical arrangements<O:P>
<BR>(C)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>reading music
with great skill<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>being able to play all types of popular music<O:P>
</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="tab-stops: 34.0pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US>44.Which of the following was the function of "get-off"
musicians (line 16)?<O:P> <BR>(A)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Assist the other band members in
packing up after a performance<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Teach dance routines created for
new music<O:P> <BR>(C)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>Lead the band<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Provide solo performances in
a band or orchestra<O:P> </SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="tab-stops: 34.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>45.The
word "cohesion" in line 18 is closest in meaning to
<O:P> <BR>(A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>sorrow<O:P>
<BR>(B)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>fame<O:P>
<BR>(C)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>unity<O:P>
<BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>vibration<O:P>
</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="tab-stops: 34.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>46.The
word "initially" in line 20 is closest in meaning to
<O:P> <BR>(A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>at
first<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>shortly<O:P> <BR>(C)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>alphabetically<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>in fact<O:P> </SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="tab-stops: 34.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>47.The
word "consciously" in line 21 is closest in meaning to<O:P>
<BR>(A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>carelessly<O:P>
<BR>(B)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>easily<O:P>
<BR>(C)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>periodically<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>purposely<O:P> </SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="tab-stops: 34.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>48.The
word "unadorned" in line 24 is closest in meaning to<O:P>
<BR>(A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>lovely<O:P>
<BR>(B)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>plain<O:P>
<BR>(C)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>disorganized<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>inexpensive<O:P>
</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="tab-stops: 34.0pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US>49.Which of the following terms is defined in the
passage?<O:P> <BR>(A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>"improvisation" (line 6)<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>"polyphony" (line 10)<O:P>
<BR>(C)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>"cornet
player"(line 11)<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>"multichorus"(line 12)<O:P>
</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="tab-stops: 34.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>50.The
topic of the passage is developed primarily by means of
<O:P> <BR>(A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>dividing
the discussion into two major areas<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>presenting contrasting points of
view<O:P> <BR>(C)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>providing biographies of famous musician<O:P>
<BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>describing
historical events in sequence<O:P>
</SPAN></P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></FONT></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
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