95-8月托福阅读试题.htm

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<p align="center"><font color="#669933">TOEFL READING 1995/08(1)</font></p>
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<p align="left">资料来源：峰和梁</p>
<p align="left">（1）（2）（3）（4）（5）</p>
<p align="left">The ocean bottom ------a region nearly 2.5 times greater 
than the total land area of the Earth ---- is a vast frontier that 
even today is largely unexplored and uncharted. Until about a century 
ago, the deep-ocean floor was completely inaccessible, hidden beneath 
waters averaging over 3,600 meters deep. Totally without light and 
subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the 
Earth's surface, the deep-ocean bottom is a hostile environment to 
humans, in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer 
space.</p>
<p align="left">Although researchers have taken samples of deep-ocean 
rocks and sediments for over a century, the first detailed global 
investigation of the ocean bottom did not actually start until 1968, 
with the beginning of the National Science Foundation's Deep Sea Drilling 
Project (DSDP).Using techniques first developed for the offshore oil 
and gas industry, the DSDP's drill ship, theGlomar Challenger, was 
able to maintain a steady position on the ocean's surface and drill 
in very deep waters, extracting samples of sediments and rock from 
the ocean floor.</p>
<p align="left">The Glomar Challenger completed 96 voyages in a 15-year 
research program that ended in November 1983. During this time, the 
vessel logged 600,000 kilometers and took almost 20,000 core samples 
of seabed sediments and rocks at 624 drilling sites around the world. 
The Glomar Challenger's core samples have allowed geologists to reconstruct 
what the planet looked like hundred of millions of years ago and to 
calculate what it will probably look like millions of years in the 
future. Today, largely on the strength of evidence gathered during 
the Glomar Challenger's voyages, nearly all earth scientists agree 
on the theories of plate tectonics and continental drift that explain 
many of the geological processes that shape the Earth.</p>
<p align="left">The cores of sediment drilled by the Glomar Challenger 
have also yielded information critical to understanding the world's 
past climates. Deep-ocean sediments provide a climatic record stretching 
back hundreds of millions of years, because they are largely isolated 
from the mechanical erosion and the intense chemical and biological 
activity that rapidly destroy much land-based evidence of past climates. 
This record has already provided insights into the patterns and causes 
of past climatic change --- information that may be used to predict 
future climates.</p>
<p align="left">重点单词：</p>
<p align="left">bottom : n. 底部;a. 底部的;vt. 装底,查明真相,测量深浅;vi. 到达底部,建立基础</p>
<p align="left">region : n. 区域,地方,地区,范围,区,领域,层</p>
<p align="left">frontier : n. 边界,边境</p>
<p align="left">explore : vt. vi. 探险,探测,探究</p>
<p align="left">uncharted : a. 海图上未标明的,未知的</p>
<p align="left">inaccessible : a. 难接近的,难达到的,难达成的</p>
<p align="left">pressure : n. 压,榨,按,压强,强制,压迫,压力;vt. 迫使,使增压,密封</p>
<p align="left">hostile : a. 怀敌意的,敌对的;n. 敌对分子</p>
<p align="left">forbidding : a. 可怕的,令人难亲近的 forbid : vt. 禁止,不准,妨碍</p>
<p align="left">remote : a. 遥远的,偏僻的,疏远的,细微的</p>
<p align="left">void : n. 空虚,空间,真空,空隙,空虚感;a. 空的,无人的,空闲的,无效的,无用的,没有的</p>
<p align="left">outer : a. 外部的,外面的,在外的</p>
<p align="left">sample : n. 样品,标本;vt. 抽取样品,尝试;n. 示例,字样</p>
<p align="left">sediment : n. 沉淀物,沉积</p>
<p align="left">detailed : a. 详细的,逐条的</p>
<p align="left">global : a. 通用的,全球的,全世界的,球形的,综合的,普遍的</p>
<p align="left">investigation : n. 调查,研究</p>
<p align="left">foundation : n. 基础,根据,建立</p>
<p align="left">drilling : n. 演练</p>
<p align="left">offshore : a. 海面的,吹向海面的;ad. 向海面</p>
<p align="left">challenger : n. 挑战者</p>
<p align="left">drill : n. 钻孔机,钻子,播种机,卡其;vt. vi. 训练,钻孔</p>
<p align="left">extract : n. 榨出物,精汁,选粹;vt. 摘录,析取,吸取</p>
<p align="left">voyage : n. 航行,航海,航程,旅行,航空;vi. 航海,航行;vt. 渡过,飞过</p>
<p align="left">vessel : n. 船,容器,脉管</p>
<p align="left">log : n. 记录,圆木,日志,记程仪;vt. 伐木,切,航行;vi. 伐木</p>
<p align="left">core : n. 核心,果心,争论的核心;vt. 挖...的核</p>
<p align="left">seabed : n. 海底,海床</p>
<p align="left">site : n. 位置,场所,地点;vt. 定位;n. 站点</p>
<p align="left">allow : vt. 允许,同意给予,承认;vi. 考虑,体谅,容许</p>
<p align="left">reconstruct : vt. 重建,改造,复兴</p>
<p align="left">calculate : vt. vi. 计算,考虑,计划,打算</p>
<p align="left">evidence : n. 证据,迹象</p>
<p align="left">theory : n. 理论,学说,原理,意见,推测</p>
<p align="left">tectonics : n. 筑造学,构造学,构造地质学</p>
<p align="left">drift : n. 漂流物,观望,漂流;vt. vi. (使)漂流</p>
<p align="left">yield : n. 生产量,投资收益;vt. 生产,给予,同意,被迫放弃,放纵;vi. 出产,屈服,投降,同意</p>
<p align="left">critical : a. 批评的,决定性的,危险的,临界的</p>
<p align="left">climate : n. 气候,民意状况,社会趋势,风土</p>
<p align="left">stretchy : a. 伸长的,有弹性的,容易伸长的</p>
<p align="left">isolate : vt. 使隔离,使孤立,使绝缘;n. 隔离种群</p>
<p align="left">mechanical : a. 机械的,机械性的,力学的</p>
<p align="left">erosion : n. 腐蚀,冲蚀,侵蚀</p>
<p align="left">biological : a. 生物学的</p>
<p align="left">destroy : vt. 破坏,毁坏,消灭</p>
<p align="left">land-based : a. 以地面为基地的</p>
<p align="left">insight : n. 洞察力,见识</p>
<p align="left">pattern : n. 模范,典型,式样,模式,样品,格调,图案;vt. 模仿,仿造,以图案装饰;vi. 
形成图案</p>
<p align="left">predict : vt. vi. 预知,预言,预报</p>
<p align="left"><a href="http://www.eol.com.cn/" target="_blank"><font color="#3399FF">以上由教育热线提供</font></a></p>
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