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<TD align=middle><FONT size=3>1996年1月托福阅读全真试题</FONT></TD></TR>
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<TD class=l17><FONT class=f14 id=zoom></O:P></SPAN>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN lang=EN-US>Question
</SPAN>41-50<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>People in the United
States in the nineteenth century <BR>were haunted by the
prospect that unprecedented change in <BR>he nation's economy
would bring social chaos. In the years <BR>following 1820,
after several decades of relative stability, the <BR>economy
entered a period of sustained and extremely rapid <BR>growth
that continued to the end of the nineteenth
century. <BR>Accompanying that growth that was a structural
change that <BR>featured increasing economic diversification
and a gradual shift <BR>in the nation's labor force from
agriculture to manufacturing <BR>and other nonagricultural
pursuits.<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Although the birth rate
continued to decline from its high <BR>level of the eighteenth
and early nineteenth century. The <BR>population roughly
doubled every generation during the <BR>nineteenth centuries.
As the population grew, its makeup also <BR>changed. Massive
waves of immigration brought new ethnic <BR>groups into the
country. Geographic and social mobility - <BR>downward as well
as upward - touched almost everyone. Local <BR>studies indicate
that nearly three - quarters of the population - <BR>in the
North and South, in the emerging cities of the
Northeast, <BR>and in the restless rural counties of the West -
changed <BR>their residence each decade. As a consequence,
historian David <BR>Donald has written, "Social atomization
affected every <BR>segment of society," and it seemed to many
people that "all the <BR>recognized values of orderly
civilization were gradually being <BR>eroded."<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> <BR></SPAN>Rapid
industrialization and increased geographic mobility <BR>in the
nineteenth century had special implications for
women <BR>because these tended to magnify social distinctions.
As <BR>the roles men and women played in society became more
rigidly <BR>defined, so did the roles they played in the home.
In the <BR>context of extreme competitiveness and dizzying
social change, <BR>the household lost many of its earlier
functions and the home <BR>came to serve as a haven of
tranquillity and order. As the size <BR>of families decreased,
the roles of husband and wife became <BR>more clearly
differentiated than ever before. In the middle <BR>class
especially, men participated in the productive
economy <BR>while women ruled the home and served as the
custodians of <BR>civility and culture. The intimacy of
marriage that was <BR>common in earlier periods was rent, and a
gulf that at times <BR>seemed unbridgeable was created between
husbands and <BR>wives.<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>41.What does the passage mainly
discuss?<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 19.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -19.5pt; tab-stops: 19.5pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US> (A)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>The economic development of
the United States in the eighteenth century<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Ways in which economic
development led to social changes in the United States<O:P>
<BR>(C)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Population
growth in the western United States<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>The increasing availability
of industrial jobs for women in the United States<O:P> </SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>42.The word "Prospect" in line 1
is closest in meaning to <O:P></O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 19.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -19.5pt; tab-stops: 19.5pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US> (A)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>regret<O:P>
<BR>(B)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>possibility<O:P> <BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>theory<O:P>
<BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>circumstance<O:P> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>43.According to the passage, the
economy of the United States between 1820 and 1900 was
<O:P></O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18.75pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18.75pt; tab-stops: 18.75pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US> (A)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>expanding<O:P>
<BR>(B)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>in sharp
decline<O:P> <BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>stagnate<O:P>
<BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>disorganized<O:P> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>44.The word "roughly" in line 9
is closest in meaning to <O:P></O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 19.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -19.5pt; tab-stops: 19.5pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US> (A)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>harshly<O:P>
<BR>(B)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>surprisingly<BR>(C)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>slowly<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>approximately<O:P>
</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>45.The word "its" in line 10
refers to <O:P></O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18.75pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18.75pt; tab-stops: 18.75pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US> (A)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>century<O:P>
<BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>population<O:P>
<BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>generation<O:P>
<BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>birth rate<O:P>
</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; tab-stops: 18.0pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US>46.According to the passage, as the nineteenth century
progressed, the people of the United States<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18.75pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18.75pt; tab-stops: 18.75pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US> (A)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>emigrated to other
countries<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>often settled in the West<O:P>
<BR>(C)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>tended to
change the place in which they lived<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>had a higher rate of birth than
ever before<O:P> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>47.Which of the following best
describes the society about which David Donald wrote?<O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 19.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -19.5pt; tab-stops: 19.5pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US> (A)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>A highly conservative society
that was resistant to new ideas<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>A society that was undergoing
fundamental change<O:P> <BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>A society that had been
gradually changing since the early 1700's<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>A nomadic society that was
starting permanent settlements<O:P> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>48.The word "magnify" in line 20
is closest in meaning to <O:P></O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18.75pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18.75pt; tab-stops: 18.75pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US> (A)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>solve <O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>explain<O:P>
<BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>analyze<O:P>
<BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>increase<O:P>
</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>49.Which of the following is NOT
mentioned as an example of the social changes occurring in the
United States after 1820?<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 19.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -19.5pt; tab-stops: 19.5pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US> (A)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Increased social
mobility<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>Increased immigration<O:P> <BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Significant movement of
population<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>Strong emphasis on traditional social values<O:P>
</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>50.The word " distinctions" in
line 21 is closest in meaning to <O:P></O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 19.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -19.5pt; tab-stops: 19.5pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US> (A)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Differences<O:P>
<BR>(B)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>Classes<O:P> <BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Accomplishments<O:P>
<BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>characteristics<O:P> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></FONT></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
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