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<TD align=middle><FONT size=3>1997年1月托福阅读全真试题</FONT></TD></TR>
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<TD class=l17><FONT class=f14 id=zoom><BR>Question
29-39<O:P> <SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><BR>
</SPAN>Large animals that inhabit the desert have evolved a
number <BR>of adaptations for reducing the effects of extreme
heat. <BR>One adaptation is to be light in color, and to
reflect rather <BR>than absorb the Sun's rays. Desert mammals
also depart from <BR>the normal mammalian practice of
maintaining a constant body <BR>temperature. Instead of trying
to keep down the body temperature <BR>deep inside the body,
which would involve the expenditure <BR>of water and energy,
desert mammals allow their temperatures <BR>to rise to what
would normally be fever height, and <BR>temperatures as high as
46 degrees Celsius have been measured <BR>in Grant's gazelles.
The overheated body then cools down <BR>during the cold desert
night, and indeed the temperature may <BR>fall unusually low by
dawn, as low as 34 degrees Celsius in the <BR>camel. This is an
advantage since the heat of the first few <BR>hours of daylight
is absorbed in warming up the body, and an <BR>excessive
buildup of heat does not begin until well into <BR>the
day.<O:P> </O:P></SPAN>
<P></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Another strategy of large
desert animals is to tolerate the <BR>loss of body water to a
point that would be fatal for non-adapted <BR>animals. The
camel can lose up to 30 percent of its body <BR>weight as water
without harm to itself, whereas human beings <BR>die after
losing only 12 to 13 percent of their body weight.
An <BR>equally important adaptation is the ability to replenish
this <BR>water loss at one drink. Desert animals can drink
prodigious <BR>volumes in a short time, and camels have been
known to imbibe <BR>over 100 liters in a few minutes. A very
dehydrated person, <BR>on the other hand, cannot drink enough
water to rehydrate at <BR>one session, because the human
stomach is not sufficiently big <BR>and because a too rapid
dilution of the body fluids causes death <BR>from water
intoxication. The tolerance of water loss is of <BR>obvious
advantage in the desert, as animals do not have to
remain <BR>near a water hole but can obtain food from grazing
sparse and <BR>far-flung pastures. Desert-adapted mammals have
the further <BR>ability to feed normally when extremely
dehydrated, it is a <BR>common experience in people that
appetite is lost even under <BR>conditions of moderate
thirst.<O:P> <BR>29.<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>What is the main topic
of the passage?<O:P> <BR>(A)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Weather variations in the
desert<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>Adaptations of desert animals<O:P> <BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Diseased of desert
animals<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>Human use of desert animals.<O:P> <BR>30.<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>According to the
passage, why is light coloring an advantage to large desert
animals?<O:P> <BR>(A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>It helps them hide from predators.<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>It does not absorb sunlight
as much as dark colors.<O:P> <BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>It helps them see their young
at night<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>It keeps them cool at night.<O:P> <BR>31.<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>The word "maintaining"
in line 4 is closest in meaning to<O:P> <BR>(A)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>measuring<O:P>
<BR>(B)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>inheriting<O:P> <BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>preserving<O:P>
<BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>delaying<O:P> <BR>32.<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>The author uses of
Grant's gazelle as an example of<O:P> <BR>(A)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>an animal with a low average
temperature<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>an animal that is not as well adapted as the camel<O:P>
<BR>(C)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>a desert
animal that can withstand high body temperatures<O:P>
<BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>a desert animal
with a constant body temperature<O:P> <BR>33.<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>When is the internal
temperature of a large desert mammal lower?<O:P> <BR>(A)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Just before sunrise<O:P>
<BR>(B)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>In the
middle of the day<O:P> <BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Just after sunset<O:P>
<BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Just after
drinking<O:P> <BR>34.<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>The word "tolerate" in
line 13 is closest in meaning to<O:P> <BR>(A)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>endure<O:P>
<BR>(B)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>replace<O:P> <BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>compensate<O:P>
<BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>reduce<O:P>
<BR>35.<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>What
causes water intoxication?<O:P> <BR>(A)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Drinking too much water very
quickly<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>Drinking polluted water<O:P> <BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Bacteria in water<O:P>
<BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Lack of
water.<O:P> <BR>36.<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>What does the author imply about desert-adapted mammals?<O:P>
<BR>(A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>They do
not need to eat much food.<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>They can eat large quantities
quickly<O:P> <BR>(C)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>They easily lose their appetites.<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>They can travel long
distances looking for food.<O:P> <BR>37.<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Why does the author
mention humans in the second paragraph?<O:P> <BR>(A)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>To show how they use
camels.<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>To contrast them to desert mammals.<O:P> <BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>To give instructions about
desert survival.<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>To show how they have adapted
to desert life.<O:P> <BR>38.<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>The word "obtain" in
line 23 is closest in meaning to<O:P> <BR>(A)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>digest<O:P>
<BR>(B)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>carry<O:P>
<BR>(C)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>save<O:P>
<BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>get<O:P>
<BR>39.<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an adaptation of
large desert animals?<O:P> <BR>(A)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Variation in body
temperatures<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>Eating while dehydrated<O:P> <BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Drinking water quickly<O:P>
<BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Being
active at night.<O:P>
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