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<TD align=middle><FONT size=3>1997年10月托福阅读全真试题 </FONT></TD></TR>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>Question 39-50<O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Galaxies are the major
building blocks of the universe. A <BR>galaxy is giant family
of many millions of stars, and it is held <BR>together by its
own gravitational field. Most of the material <BR>universe is
organized into galaxies of stars together with <BR>gas and
dust.<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>There are three main types
of galaxy: spiral, elliptical, <BR>and irregular. The Milky Way
is a spiral galaxy, a flattish disc <BR>of stars with two
spiral arms emerging from its central nucleus. <BR>About
one-quarter of all galaxies have this shape.
Spiral <BR>galaxies are well supplied with the interstellar gas
in which <BR>new stars form: as the rotating spiral pattern
sweeps around <BR>the galaxy it compresses gas and dust,
triggering the formation <BR>of bright young stars and in its
arms. The elliptical galaxies have a <BR>symmetrical elliptical
or spheroidal shape with no obvious <BR>structure. Most of
their member stars are very old and since <BR>ellipticals are
devoid of interstellar gas, no new stars are forming <BR>in
them. The biggest and brightest galaxies in the
universe <BR>are ellipticals with masses of about 1013 times
that of the Sun, <BR>these giants may frequently be sources of
strong radio <BR>emission, in which case they are called radio
galaxies. About two-<BR>thirds of all galaxies are elliptical.
Irregular galaxies comprise <BR>about one-tenth of all galaxies
and they come in many <BR>subclasses.<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Measurement in space is
quite different from measure-<BR>ment on Earth. Some terrestrial
distances can be expressed as <BR>intervals of time, the time
to fly from one continent to another <BR>or the time it takes
to drive to work, for example. By comparison <BR>with these
familiar yardsticks, the distances to the <BR>galaxies are
incomprehensibly large, but they too are made <BR>more
manageable by using a time calibration, in this case
the <BR>distance that light travels in one year. On such a
scale the <BR>nearest giant spiral galaxy, the Andromeda
galaxy, is two <BR>million light years away. The most distant
luminous objects seen <BR>by telescopes are probably ten
thousand million light years <BR>away. Their light was already
halfway here before the Earth <BR>even formed. The light from
the nearby Virgo galaxy set out <BR>when reptiles still
dominated the animal world.<O:P> <O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: -12pt; tab-stops: 12.0pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US>39.The word "major" in line 1 is closest in meaning
to<O:P> <BR>(A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>intense<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>principal<O:P>
<BR>(C)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>huge<O:P>
<BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>unique<O:P> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: -12pt; tab-stops: 12.0pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US>40.What does the second paragraph mainly discuss?<O:P>
<BR>(A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>The Milky
Way<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>Major categories of galaxies<O:P> <BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>How elliptical galaxies are
formed<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>Differences between irregular and spiral galaxies<O:P>
</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: -12pt; tab-stops: 12.0pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US>41.The word "which" in line 10 refers to
<O:P> <BR>(A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>dust<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>gas<O:P> <BR>(C)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>pattern<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>galaxy<O:P> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: -12pt; tab-stops: 12.0pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US>42.According to the passage, new stars are formed in
spiral galaxies due to <O:P> <BR>(A)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>an explosion of gas<O:P>
<BR>(B)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>the
compression of gas and dust<O:P> <BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>the combining of old
stars<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>strong radio emissions<O:P> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: -12pt; tab-stops: 12.0pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US>43.The word "symmetrical" in line 14 is closest in
meaning to<O:P> <BR>(A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>proportionally balanced<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>commonly seen<O:P>
<BR>(C)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>typically
large<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>steadily growing<O:P> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: -12pt; tab-stops: 12.0pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US>44.The word "obvious" in line 14 is closest in meaning
to<O:P> <BR>(A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>discovered<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>apparent<O:P>
<BR>(C)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>understood<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>simplistic<O:P> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: -12pt; tab-stops: 12.0pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US>45.According to the passage, which of the following is
NOT true of elliptical galaxies?<O:P> <BR>(A)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>They are the largest
galaxies.<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>They mostly contain old stars.<O:P> <BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>They contain a high amount of
interstellar gas.<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>They have a spherical
shape.<O:P> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: -12pt; tab-stops: 12.0pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US>46.Which of the following characteristics of radio
galaxies is mentioned in the passage?<O:P> <BR>(A)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>They are a type of elliptical
galaxy.<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>They are usually too small to be seen with a telescope.<O:P>
<BR>(C)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>They are
closely related to irregular galaxies.<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>They are not as bright as
spiral galaxies.<O:P> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: -12pt; tab-stops: 12.0pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US>47.What percentage of galaxies are irregular?<O:P>
<BR>(A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>10%<O:P>
<BR>(B)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>25%<O:P>
<BR>(C)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>50%<O:P>
<BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>75%<O:P>
</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: -12pt; tab-stops: 12.0pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US>48.The word "they" in line 29 refers to<O:P>
<BR>(A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>intervals<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>yardsticks<O:P>
<BR>(C)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>distances<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>galaxies<O:P> </SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: -12pt; tab-stops: 12.0pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US>49.Why does the author mention the Virgo galaxy and the
Andromeda galaxy in the third paragraph?<O:P> <BR>(A)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>To describe the effect that
distance has no visibility.<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>To compare the ages of two
relatively young galaxies.<O:P> <BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>To emphasize the vast
distances of the galaxies from Earth.<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>To explain why certain
galaxies cannot be seen by a telescope.<O:P> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: -12pt; tab-stops: 12.0pt"><SPAN
lang=EN-US>50.The word "dominated" in line 37 is closest in meaning
to<O:P> <BR>(A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>threatened<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>replaced<O:P>
<BR>(C)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>were
developing in<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>were prevalent in<O:P>
</SPAN></P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></O:P></FONT></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
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