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<TD align=middle><FONT size=3>1997年1月托福阅读全真试题</FONT></TD></TR>
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<TD class=l17><FONT class=f14 id=zoom><BR>Question
9-19<O:P> <SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><BR>
</SPAN>Stars may be spheres, but not every celestial object
is <BR>spherical. Objects in the universe show a variety of
shapes: <BR>round planets (some with rings), tailed comets,
wispy cosmic <BR>gas and dust clouds, ringed nebulae,
pinwheel-shaped spiral <BR>galaxies, and so on. But none of the
shapes on this list describes <BR>the largest single entities
in the universe. These are the <BR>double radio sources,
galaxies with huge clouds of radio emission <BR>that dwarf the
visible galaxies, sometimes by a factor of a <BR>hundred or
more. Stretching over distances greater than a
million <BR>light-years, these radio-emitting regions resemble
twin turbulent <BR>gas clouds, typically forming dumbbell-like
shapes with <BR>the visible galaxy (when it is visible) in the
center.<O:P> </O:P></SPAN>
<P></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>These double radio sources
present astronomers with a <BR>puzzle. Their radio emission
arises from the synchrotron <BR>process, in which electrons
accelerated to nearly the speed of light <BR>move through
magnetic fields. However, in view of the rate at <BR>which the
radio sources emit energy, they should disappear in <BR>a few
million years as their electrons slow down and
cease <BR>producing radiation. Somehow new electrons must be
continually <BR>accelerated to nearly the speed of light,
otherwise, by now <BR>almost none of the double radio sources
would be observed.<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>With the advent of
high-resolution radio interferometers <BR>during the late
1970's, part of the answer became clear: the <BR>electrons are
produced in jets that are shot out in opposite <BR>directions
from the center of galaxy. Remarkably narrow and <BR>highly
directional, the jets move outward at speeds close to
the <BR>speed of light. When the jets strike the highly
rarefied gas <BR>that permeates intergalactic space, the
fast-moving electrons <BR>lose their highly directional motion
and form vast clouds of <BR>radio-emitting gas.<O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Cosmic jets have ranked
among the hottest topics of <BR>astronomical research in recent
years as astronomers strive to <BR>understand where they come
from. Why should a galaxy eject <BR>matter at such tremendous
speeds in two narrow jets? And <BR>why are such jets not seen
in the Milky Way?<O:P> <BR>9.<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>The word "celestial" in line 1 could best be replaced by<O:P>
<BR>(A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>visible<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>astronomical<O:P>
<BR>(C)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>glowing<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>scientific<O:P>
<BR>10.<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>The
word "entities" in line 4 is closest in meaning to<O:P>
<BR>(A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>factors<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>processes<O:P>
<BR>(C)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>objects<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>puzzles<O:P>
<BR>11.<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>In
the first paragraph, the author describes objects in the universe in
terms of their<O:P> <BR>(A)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>color<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>origin<O:P>
<BR>(C)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>location<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>shape<O:P> <BR>12.<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Which of the following
is the best representation of the clouds of radio emission described
in the first paragraph?<O:P> <BR>(A) </SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（图）<SPAN
lang=EN-US><O:P> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR>(B)
</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（图）<SPAN
lang=EN-US><O:P> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR>(C)
</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（图）<SPAN
lang=EN-US><O:P> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR>(D)
</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（图）<SPAN
lang=EN-US><O:P> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR>13.<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>According to the
passage, scientists do not fully understand why double radio
sources<O:P> <BR>(A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>have not eventually disappeared<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>cannot be observed with a
telescope<O:P> <BR>(C)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>are beginning to slow down<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>are not as big as some
planets and stars<O:P> <BR>14.<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>The word "their" in
line 22 refers to<O:P> <BR>(A)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>speeds<O:P>
<BR>(B)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>directions<O:P> <BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>electrons<O:P>
<BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>clouds<O:P>
<BR>15.<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>According to the passage, what happens when electrons and gas
collide in space?<O:P> <BR>(A)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>The gas becomes more
condensed<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>The gas becomes less radiated<O:P> <BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>The electrons disperse<O:P>
<BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>The
electrons become negatively charged<O:P> <BR>16.<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>The author suggests
that astronomers consider the study of cosmic jets to be<O:P>
<BR>(A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>an
obsolete scientific field<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>an unprofitable venture<O:P>
<BR>(C)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>an
intriguing challenge<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>a subjective debate<O:P>
<BR>17.<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>In
what lines does the passage compare the size of double radio sources
with that of other galaxies?<O:P> <BR>(A)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Lines 4-6<O:P>
<BR>(B)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Lines
12-14<O:P> <BR>(C)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>Lines 19-20<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Lines 23-24<O:P>
<BR>18.<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>Where in the passage does the author mention a technology
that aided in the understanding of double radio sources?<O:P>
<BR>(A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Line
2<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>Line 7<O:P> <BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Line 17<O:P>
<BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Line
21<O:P> <BR>19.<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>The paragraph following the passage most likely
discusses<O:P> <BR>(A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>specific double radio sources<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>an explanation of the
synchrotron process<O:P> <BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>possible reasons for the
presence of cosmic jets<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>the discovery of the first double
radio
sources.<O:P> <BR></FONT></SPAN></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
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