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<P></P>
<P>Question 13-22</P>
<P align=left>One of the most important social developments that
<BR>helped to make possible a shift in thinking about the role of
<BR>public education was the effect of the baby boom of the 1950's
<BR>and 1960's on the schools. In the 1920's, but especially in
<BR>the Depression conditions of the 1930's, the United States
<BR>experienced a declining birth rate -every thousand women aged
<BR>fifteen to forty-four gave birth to about 118 live children in
<BR>1920, 89.2 in 1930, 75.8 in 1936, and 80 in 1940. With the
<BR>growing prosperity brought on by the Second World War and
<BR>the economic boom that followed it, young people married and
<BR>established households earlier and began to raise larger
families <BR>than had their predecessors during the Depression.
Birth rates <BR>rose to 102 per thousand in 1946, 106.2 in 1950, and
118 in <BR>1955. Although economics was probably the most important
<BR>determinant, it is not the only explanation for the baby boom.
<BR>The increased value placed on the idea of the family also helps
<BR>to explain this rise in birth rates. The baby boomers began
<BR>streaming into the first grade by the mid-1940's and became a
<BR>flood by 1950. The public school system suddenly found itself
<FONT color=#ff0000><BR></FONT>overtaxed. While the number of
schoolchildren rose because of <BR>wartime and postwar conditions,
these same conditions made <BR>the schools even less prepared to
cope with the flood. The <BR>wartime economy meant that few new
schools were built between <BR>1940 and 1945. Moreover, during the
war and in the boom <BR>times that followed, large numbers of
teachers left their <BR>profession for better-paying jobs elsewhere
in the economy.
<P>Therefore, in the 1950's and 1960's, The baby boom <BR>hit an
antiquated and inadequate school system. Consequently, <BR>the
"custodial<FONT color=#ff0000> </FONT>rhetoric" of the 1930's and
early 1940's no <BR>longer made sense; that is, keeping youths aged
sixteen and <BR>older out of the labor market by keeping them in
school could <BR>no longer be a high priority for an institution
unable to find <BR>space and staff to teach younger children aged
five to sixteen. <BR>With the baby boom, the focus of educators and
of laymen <BR>interested in education inevitably turned toward the
lower grades <BR>and back to basic academic skills and discipline.
The system no <BR>longer had much interest in offering
nontraditional, new, and <BR>extra services to older youths.</P>
<P>13.What does the passage mainly discuss?</P>
<P>(A) The teaching profession during the baby boom <BR>(B) Birth
rates in the United States in the 1930's and 1940's <BR>(C) The
impact of the baby boom on public education<BR>(D) The role of the
family in the 1950's and 1960's</P>
<P>14.The word "it" in line 15 refers to</P>
<P>(A) 1955<BR>(B) economics<BR>(C) the baby boom <BR>(D) value</P>
<P>15.The word "overtaxed" in line 20 is closest in meaning to</P>
<P>(A) well prepared<BR>(B) plentifully supplied<BR>(C) heavily
burdened<BR>(D) charged too much</P>
<P>16.The public schools of the 1950's and 1960' faced all of the
following problems EXCEPT</P>
<P>(A) a declining number of students<BR>(B) old-fashioned
facilities<BR>(C) a shortage of teachers<BR>(D) an inadequate number
of school buildings</P>
<P>17.According to the passage, why did teachers leave the teaching
profession after the outbreak of the war?</P>
<P>(A) The needed to be retained<BR>(B) They were dissatisfied with
the curriculum<BR>(C) Other jobs provided higher salaries<BR>(D)
Teaching positions were scarce</P>
<P>18.The word "inadequate" in line 28 is closest in meaning to</P>
<P>(A) deficient<BR>(B) expanded <BR>(C) innovative<BR>(D)
specialized </P>
<P>19.The "custodial rhetoric" mentioned in line 29 refers to </P>
<P>(A) raising a family<BR>(B) keeping older individuals in
school<BR>(C) running an orderly house hold<BR>(D) maintaining
discipline in the classroom</P>
<P>20.The word "inevitably" in line 35 is closest in meaning to</P>
<P>(A) unwillingly <BR>(B) impartially<BR>(C) irrationally<BR>(D)
unavoidably</P>
<P>21.Where in the passage does the author refer to the attitude of
Americans toward raising a family in the 1950's and 1960's?</P>
<P>(A) Lines 1-4<BR>(B) Lines 16-17<BR>(C) Lines 27-28<BR>(D) Lines
34-36</P>
<P>22.Which of the following best characterizes the organization of
the passage?</P>
<P>(A) The second paragraph presents the effect of circumstances
described in the first paragraph.<BR>(B) The second paragraph
provides a fictional account to illustrate a problem presented in
the first paragraph.<BR>(C) The second paragraph argues against a
point made in the first paragraph.<BR>(D) The second paragraph
introduces a problem not mentioned in the first
paragraph.<BR></FONT></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
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