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          <TD align=middle><FONT size=3>1997年8月托福阅读全真试题</FONT></TD></TR>
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            <P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>Question 10-20</SPAN></P>
            <P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN 
            style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>Barbed wire, first patented 
            in the United States in 1867,&nbsp;<BR>played an important part in 
            the development of American&nbsp;<BR>farming, as it enabled the 
            settlers to make effective fencing to&nbsp;<BR>enclose their land 
            and keep cattle away from their crops. This&nbsp;<BR>had a 
            considerable effect on cattle ranching, since the herds 
            no&nbsp;<BR>longer had unrestricted use of the plans for grazing, 
            and the&nbsp;<BR>fencing led to conflict between the farmers and the 
            cattle&nbsp;<BR>ranchers.<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P>
            <P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN 
            style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>Before barbed wire came into 
            general use, fencing was often&nbsp;<BR>made from serrated wire, 
            which was unsatisfactory because&nbsp;<BR>it broke easily when under 
            strain, and could snap in cold&nbsp;<BR>weather due to contraction. 
            The first practical machine for&nbsp;<BR>producing barbed wire was 
            invented in 1874 by an Illinois&nbsp;<BR>farmer, and between then 
            and the end of the century about&nbsp;<BR>400 types of barbed wire 
            were devised, of which only about a&nbsp;<BR>dozen were ever put to 
            practical use.<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P>
            <P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN 
            style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>Modern barbed wire is made 
            from mild steel high-tensile&nbsp;<BR>steel, or aluminum. Mild steel 
            and aluminum barbed wire&nbsp;<BR>have two strands twisted together 
            to form a cable which is&nbsp;<BR>stronger than single-strand wire 
            and less affected by temperature&nbsp;<BR>changes. Single-strand 
            wire, round or oval, is made from&nbsp;<BR>high-tensile steel with 
            the barbs crimped or welded on . The&nbsp;<BR>steel wires used are 
            galvanized - coated with zinc to make&nbsp;<BR>them rustproof. The 
            two wires that make up the line wire or&nbsp;<BR>cable are fed 
            separately into a machine at one end. They leave&nbsp;<BR>it at the 
            other end twisted-together and barbed. The wire to&nbsp;<BR>make the 
            barbs is fed into the machine from the sides and cut&nbsp;<BR>to 
            length by knives that cut diagonally through the wire 
            to&nbsp;<BR>produce a sharp point. This process continues 
            automatically,&nbsp;<BR>and the finished barbed wire is wound onto 
            reels, usually made&nbsp;<BR>of wire in length of 400 meters or in 
            weights of up to 50&nbsp;<BR>kilograms.<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P>
            <P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN 
            style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>A variation of barbed wire 
            is also used for military&nbsp;<BR>purposes. It is formed into long 
            coils or entanglements called&nbsp;<BR>concertina wire.<O:P> 
            &nbsp;<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P>
            <P class=MsoNormal 
            style="MARGIN-LEFT: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: -12pt; tab-stops: 12.0pt"><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US>11.What is the main topic of the passage?<O:P> 
            &nbsp;<BR>(A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;</SPAN>Cattle 
            ranching in the United States.<O:P> &nbsp;<BR>(B)<SPAN 
            style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;</SPAN>A type of fencing<O:P> 
            &nbsp;<BR>(C)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;</SPAN>Industrial 
            uses of wire<O:P> &nbsp;<BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> 
            </SPAN>A controversy over land use.<O:P> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US 
            style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;<O:P> 
            </O:P></SPAN></P>
            <P class=MsoNormal 
            style="MARGIN-LEFT: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: -12pt; tab-stops: 12.0pt"><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US>12.The word "unrestricted" in line 5 is closest in 
            meaning to<O:P> &nbsp;<BR>(A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp; 
            </SPAN>unsatisfactory<O:P> &nbsp;<BR>(B)<SPAN 
            style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp; </SPAN>difficult<O:P> 
            &nbsp;<BR>(C)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp; 
            </SPAN>considerable<O:P> &nbsp;<BR>(D)<SPAN 
            style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp; </SPAN>unlimited<O:P> </SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US 
            style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;<O:P> 
            </O:P></SPAN></P>
            <P class=MsoNormal 
            style="MARGIN-LEFT: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: -12pt; tab-stops: 12.0pt"><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US>13.The word "snap" in line 10 could best be replaced by 
            which of the following?<O:P> &nbsp;<BR>(A)<SPAN 
            style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp; </SPAN>freeze<O:P> 
            &nbsp;<BR>(B)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp; </SPAN>click<O:P> 
            &nbsp;<BR>(C)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp; 
            </SPAN>loosen<O:P> &nbsp;<BR>(D)<SPAN 
            style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp; </SPAN>break<O:P> </SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US 
            style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;<O:P> 
            </O:P></SPAN></P>
            <P class=MsoNormal 
            style="MARGIN-LEFT: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: -12pt; tab-stops: 12.0pt"><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US>14.What is the benefit of using two-stranded barbed 
            wire?<O:P> &nbsp;<BR>(A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp; 
            </SPAN>Improved rust-resistance<O:P> &nbsp;<BR>(B)<SPAN 
            style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp; </SPAN>Increased strength<O:P> 
            &nbsp;<BR>(C)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp; </SPAN>More rapid 
            attachment of barbs<O:P> &nbsp;<BR>(D)<SPAN 
            style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp; </SPAN>Easier installation.<O:P> 
            </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US 
            style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;<O:P> 
            </O:P></SPAN></P>
            <P class=MsoNormal 
            style="MARGIN-LEFT: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: -12pt; tab-stops: 12.0pt"><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US>15.According to the author, the steel wires used to make 
            barbed wire are specially processed to<O:P> &nbsp;<BR>(A)<SPAN 
            style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;</SPAN>protect them against rust<O:P> 
            &nbsp;<BR>(B)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;</SPAN>make them 
            more flexible<O:P> &nbsp;<BR>(C)<SPAN 
            style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;</SPAN>prevent contraction in cold 
            weather<O:P> &nbsp;<BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> 
            </SPAN>straighten them.<O:P> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US 
            style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;<O:P> 
            </O:P></SPAN></P>
            <P class=MsoNormal 
            style="MARGIN-LEFT: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: -12pt; tab-stops: 12.0pt"><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US>16.The word "fed" in line 24 is closest in meaning 
            to<O:P> &nbsp;<BR>(A)<SPAN 
            style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;</SPAN>put<O:P> &nbsp;<BR>(B)<SPAN 
            style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;</SPAN>eaten<O:P> &nbsp;<BR>(C)<SPAN 
            style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;</SPAN>bitten<O:P> &nbsp;<BR>(D)<SPAN 
            style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>nourished<O:P> </SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US 
            style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;<O:P> 
            </O:P></SPAN></P>
            <P class=MsoNormal 
            style="MARGIN-LEFT: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: -12pt; tab-stops: 12.0pt"><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US>17.The knives referred to in line 27 are used to<O:P> 
            &nbsp;<BR>(A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;</SPAN>separate 
            double-stranded wire<O:P> &nbsp;<BR>(B)<SPAN 
            style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;</SPAN>prevent the reel from 
            advancing too rapidly<O:P> &nbsp;<BR>(C)<SPAN 
            style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;</SPAN>twist the wire<O:P> 
            &nbsp;<BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>cut the wire 
            that becomes barbs<O:P> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US 
            style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;<O:P> 
            </O:P></SPAN></P>
            <P class=MsoNormal 
            style="MARGIN-LEFT: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: -12pt; tab-stops: 12.0pt"><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US>18.What is the author's purpose in the third 
            paragraph?<O:P> &nbsp;<BR>(A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp; 
            </SPAN>To explain the importance of the wire.<O:P> 
            &nbsp;<BR>(B)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp; </SPAN>To outline 
            the difficulty of making the wire<O:P> &nbsp;<BR>(C)<SPAN 
            style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp; </SPAN>To describe how the wire is 
            made<O:P> &nbsp;<BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp; 
            </SPAN>To suggest several different uses of the wire.<O:P> 
            </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US 
            style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;<O:P> 
            </O:P></SPAN></P>
            <P class=MsoNormal 
            style="MARGIN-LEFT: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: -12pt; tab-stops: 12.0pt"><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US>19.According to the passage, concertina wire is used for 
            <O:P>&nbsp;<BR>(A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp; 
            </SPAN>livestock management<O:P> &nbsp;<BR>(B)<SPAN 
            style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp; </SPAN>international 
            communications<O:P> &nbsp;<BR>(C)<SPAN 
            style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp; </SPAN>prison enclosures<O:P> 
            &nbsp;<BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp; </SPAN>military 
            purposes.<O:P> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US 
            style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;<O:P> 
            </O:P></SPAN></P>
            <P class=MsoNormal 
            style="MARGIN-LEFT: 12pt; TEXT-INDENT: -12pt; tab-stops: 12.0pt"><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US>20.Which of the following most closely resembles the 
            fencing described in the passage?<O:P> &nbsp;<BR>(A)<SPAN 
            style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(图)<SPAN 
            lang=EN-US><O:P> &nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR>(B)<SPAN 
            style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(图)<SPAN 
            lang=EN-US><O:P> &nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR>(C)<SPAN 
            style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(图)<SPAN 
            lang=EN-US><O:P> &nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR>(D)<SPAN 
            style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(图)<SPAN 
            lang=EN-US><O:P>&nbsp;</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US 
            style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;<BR></FONT></SPAN></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
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