📄 97-5托福阅读试题3.htm
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<TD align=middle><FONT size=3>1997年5月托福阅读全真试题</FONT></TD></TR>
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<TD class=l17><FONT class=f14 id=zoom> <BR>Question
20-30<O:P> <SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><BR>
</SPAN>Before the mid-nineteenth century, people in the
United <BR>States ate most foods only in season. Drying,
smoking, and <BR>salting could preserve meat for a short time,
but the availability <BR>of fresh meat, like that of fresh
milk, was very limited; <BR>there was no way to prevent
spoilage. But in 1810 a French <BR>inventor named Nicolas
Appert developed the cooking-and-sealing<BR>process of canning. And
in the 1850's an American <BR>named Gail Borden developed a
means of condensing and preserving <BR>milk. Canned goods and
condensed milk became more <BR>common during the 1860's, but
supplies remained low because <BR>cans had to be made by hand.
By 1880, however, inventors <BR>had fashioned stamping and
soldering machines that mass-produced <BR>cans from tinplate.
Suddenly all kinds of food could be <BR>preserved and bought at
all times of the year.<O:P> <SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"><BR> </SPAN>Other trends and
inventions had also helped make it possible <BR>for Americans
to vary their daily diets. Growing urban <BR>populations
created demand that encouraged fruit and vegetable <BR>farmers
to raise more produce. Railroad refrigerator cars <BR>enabled
growers and meat packers to ship perishables
great <BR>distances and to preserve them for longer periods.
Thus, by the <BR>1890's, northern city dwellers could enjoy
southern and <BR>western strawberries, grapes, and tomatoes,
previously available <BR>for a month at most, for up to six
months of the year. In <BR>addition, increased use of iceboxes
enabled families to store <BR>perishables. An easy means of
producing ice commercially had <BR>been invented I the 1870's,
and by 1900 the nation had <BR>more than two thousand
commercial ice plants, most of which <BR>made home deliveries.
The icebox became a fixture in most <BR>homes and remained so
until the mechanized refrigerator <BR>replaced it in the 1920's
and 1930's.<O:P> <SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><BR>
</SPAN>Almost everyone now had a more diversified diet.
Some <BR>people continued to eat mainly foods that were heavy
in starches <BR>or carbohydrates, and not everyone could afford
meat. Never-<BR>theless, many families could take advantage of
previously <BR>unavailable fruits, vegetables, and dairy
products to achieve <BR>more varied fare.<O:P>
<BR>20.What does the passage mainly discuss?<O:P>
<BR>(A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Causes of
food spoilage.<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Commercial production of
ice<O:P> <BR>(C)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>Inventions that led to changes in the American diet.<O:P>
<BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Population
movements in the nineteenth century.<O:P> <BR>21.The phrase
"in season" in line 2 refers to<O:P> <BR>(A)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>a kind of weather<O:P>
<BR>(B)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>a
particular time of year<O:P> <BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>an official schedule<O:P>
<BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>a method of
flavoring food.<O:P> <BR>22.The word "prevent" in line 4 is
closest in meaning to<O:P> <BR>(A)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>estimate<O:P>
<BR>(B)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>avoid<O:P>
<BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>correct<O:P>
<BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>confine<O:P>
<BR>23.During the 1860's, canned food products were<O:P>
<BR>(A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>unavailable in rural areas<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>shipped in refrigerator
cars<O:P> <BR>(C)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>available in limited quantities.<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>A staple part of the American
diet.<O:P> <BR>24.It can be inferred that railroad
refrigerator cars came into use<O:P> <BR>(A)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>before 1860<O:P>
<BR>(B)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>before
1890<O:P> <BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>after 1900<O:P>
<BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>after 1920<O:P>
<BR>25.The word "them" in line 14 refers to<O:P>
<BR>(A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>refrigerator cars<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>perishables<O:P>
<BR>(C)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>growers<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>distances<O:P>
<BR>26.The word "fixture" in line 20 is closest in meaning
to<O:P> <BR>(A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>luxury item<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>substance<O:P>
<BR>(C)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>commonplace object<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>mechanical device<O:P>
<BR>27.The author implies that in the 1920's and 1930's home
deliveries of ice<O:P> <BR>(A)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>decreased in number<O:P>
<BR>(B)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>were on an
irregular schedule<O:P> <BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>increased in cost<O:P>
<BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>occurred only in
the summer.<O:P> <BR>28.The word "Nevertheless" in line 24 is
closest in meaning to<O:P> <BR>(A)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>therefore<O:P>
<BR>(B)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>because<O:P> <BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>occasionally<O:P>
<BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>however<O:P> <BR>29.Which of the following types of
food preservation was NOT mentioned in the passage?<O:P>
<BR>(A)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>Drying<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Canning<O:P>
<BR>(C)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Cold
storage<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>Chemical additives.<O:P> <BR>30.Which of the following
statements is supported by the passage?<O:P> <BR>(A)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Tin cans and iceboxes helped
to make many foods more widely available.<O:P> <BR>(B)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Commercial ice factories were
developed by railroad owners<O:P> <BR>(C)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Most farmers in the United
States raised only fruits and vegetables.<O:P> <BR>(D)<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>People who lived in cities
demanded home delivery of foods.<O:P>
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