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<td align="center" valign="middle" class="til"><h3> C#基本语法 </h3>
发布时间：2009-04-22 来源：编程入门网 作者：L小凤<br />
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</table><p> <span class="15" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'"> </span>俗话说，无规矩不成方圆；C#是一种编程语言，当然也有自己的语法规则和命名规则，如同学习外语的语法一样。</p>
<p> <span class="15" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'"> </span>先说说变量的命名规则吧，一个变量的名字如同人的名字一样都用一定的意义，例如定义钢笔的价格<span class="15" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'">:</span><span class="15" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: rgb(0,0,255); FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> double</span> x=12.3,和<span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: rgb(0,0,255); FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'">double</span> pen_price=12.35，两者相比显然是第二种比较好，让人一看就直到是钢笔的价格。变量的名字可以由：字母，数字和下划线组成，但是不能以数字开头。</p>
<p> 特别要注意的是：C#中有很多关键字<span class="15" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'">;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: rgb(0,0,255); FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'"> while</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'"> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: rgb(0,0,255); FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'">case for</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'"> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: rgb(0,0,255); FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'">if</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'"> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: rgb(0,0,255); FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'">public</span>等等，这里不一一列出。这些字符就像古代帝王的忌讳，是不能用作其他的用途。而且在开发环境中，它们的颜色是特别明显，下面看个例题：</p>
<p> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: rgb(0,0,255); FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'">using</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'"> System;</span></p>
<p> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: rgb(0,0,255); FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'">using</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'"> System.Collections.Generic;</span></p>
<p> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: rgb(0,0,255); FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'">using</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'"> System.Text;</span></p>
<p> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: rgb(0,0,255); FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'">namespace</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'"> ceshi</span></p>
<p> {</p>
<p> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: rgb(0,0,255); FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'">class</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'"> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: rgb(0,128,128); FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'">Program //</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: rgb(0,128,128); FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'">类名大写开头</span></p>
<p> {</p>
<p> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: rgb(0,0,255); FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'">static</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'"> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: rgb(0,0,255); FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'">void</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'"> Hello() //</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'">方法，即自定义函数</span></p>
<p> {</p>
<p> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: rgb(0,128,128); FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'">Console</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'">.WriteLine(</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0); FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'">"hello,everyone"</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'">);</span></p>
<p> }<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: rgb(0,128,0); FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'"> //</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: rgb(0,128,0); FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'">结束符一对大括号要匹配</span></p>
<p> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: rgb(0,0,255); FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'">static</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'"> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: rgb(0,0,255); FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'">void</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'"> Print_number(</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: rgb(0,0,255); FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'">int</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'">[] a)</span></p>
<p> {</p>
<p> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: rgb(0,0,255); FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'">int</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'"> x;</span></p>
<p> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: rgb(0,0,255); FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'">for</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'"> (x = 0; x < a.Length; x++)</span></p>
<p> {</p>
<p> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: rgb(0,128,128); FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'">Console</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'">.WriteLine(a[x]);</span></p>
<p> }</p>
<p> }</p>
<p> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: rgb(0,0,255); FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'">static</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'"> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: rgb(0,0,255); FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'">void</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'"> Main(</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: rgb(0,0,255); FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'">string</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'">[] args)</span></p>
<p> {</p>
<p> Hello();</p>
<p> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: rgb(0,0,255); FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'">int</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'">[] a ={ 1, 5, 7, 5, 3, 3, 44, 7 };</span></p>
<p> Print_number(a);</p>
<p> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: rgb(0,128,128); FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'">Console</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'">.ReadKey();</span></p>
<p> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: rgb(0,0,255); FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'">string</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'"> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: rgb(0,0,255); FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'">public</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'">=</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: rgb(128,0,0); FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'">"guanjianzi"</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'">;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: rgb(0,128,0); FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'">//</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: rgb(0,128,0); FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'">错误所在，盗用系统关键字</span></p>
<p> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: rgb(0,128,0); FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'">// </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: rgb(0,128,0); FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'">单行注释</span></p>
<p> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: rgb(0,128,0); FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'">/*</span></p>
<p> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: rgb(0,128,0); FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'"> *</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: rgb(0,128,0); FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'">多行注释</span></p>
<p> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: rgb(0,128,0); FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'"> */</span></p>
<p> }</p>
<p> }</p>
<p> }</p>
<p> 错误<span class="15" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'"> </span>1<span class="15" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'"> </span>应输入标识符，“<span class="15" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: rgb(0,0,255); FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'">public</span>”是关键字<span class="15" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'"> </span></p>
<p> 错误 2<span class="15" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'"> </span>无效的表达式项“<span class="15" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: rgb(0,0,255); FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'">public</span>”<span class="15" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: rgb(0,0,255); FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'"> </span><span class="15" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); FONT-FAMILY: '新宋体'">。</span></p>
<p> <span class="15" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'"> </span>方法和类名称的定义：</p>
<p> 方法的名字应该要表达这个方法要完成的功能，而且第一个字母要大写：如方法：</p>
<p> public void Print_number(int []),这样就知道这个方法要完成的功能。定义方法也是，方法的名字的第一个字母也要大写。</p>
<p> <span class="15" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'"> </span>C#中，每一行代码都要有个结束符——“<span class="15" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'">;</span>”，而且是英文输入的，中文输入的分号会出现错误。</p>
<p> <span class="15" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'"> </span>方法的定义：</p>
<p> static void Print_number</p>
<p> {</p>
<p> <span class="15" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span>方法体代码</p>
<p> }</p>
<p> <span class="15" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: '宋体'"><font face="宋体">类的定义</font></span>:</p>
<p> public class Full</p>
<p> {</p>
<p> public :</p>
<p> <span class="15" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span class="15" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"></span>string names;</p>
<p> ……………….</p>
<p> private Method1()</p>
<p> {}</p>
<p> private Method2()</p>
<p> {</p>
<p> }</p>
<p> …………………..</p>
<p> }</p>
<p> 其中，系统会自动对齐大括号，另外就是代码中的注释，这个很重要，如果没有注释的话，你写的代码就没有其他的人懂，别人和自己阅读起来很吃力的。</p>
<p> 单行和多行的注释方法都在上面的程序中标出来了，请读者自己编程体会。</p>
<p> 以上都是写基础的语法，要深入了解有参考专门的语法书籍。</p>
<p> 本文为编程入门网.NET专栏作家“L小凤”原创，转载请保留这句话。</p>
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