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    <td height="25" background="/templets/img/31bg3.gif" align="left" class="guidet">&nbsp;→ 当前位置:<a href='http://www.bianceng.cn/'>首页</a>→<a href='/data/index.htm'>数据库</a>→<a href='/data/SQLServer/index.htm'>SQL Server</a>→<a href='/data/SQLServer/jc/index.htm'>SQL Server教程</a>→正文</td>
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    <td align="center" valign="middle" class="til"><h3>&nbsp;&nbsp; MS SQL基础教程:sql其它命令 </h3>
      发布时间：2007-12-25 来源：网络/责编：编程入门 作者：佚名<br />
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</table><p>　　4.7.1 BACKUP</p>
<p>　　BACKUP 命令用于将数据库内容或其事务处理日志备份到存储介质上（软盘、硬盘、磁带）。等SQL Server 7.0 以前的版本用的是DUMP 命令来执行此功能，从SQL Server 2000起，不再使用DUMP 命令。关于BACKUP 命令的详情请参见&ldquo;数据备份与恢复&rdquo;章节。</p>
<p>　　4.7.2 CHECKPOINT</p>
<p>　　语法如下：</p>
<p>　　CHECKPOINT</p>
<p>　　CHECKPOINT 命令用于将当前工作的数据库中被更改过的数据页data page 或日志页（log page）从数据缓冲器（data buffer cache）中强制写入硬盘。</p>
<p>　　4.7.3 DBCC</p>
<p>　　DBCC Database Base Consistency Checker，数据库一致性检查程序）命令用于验证数据库完整性、查找错误、分析系统使用情况等。</p>
<p>　　DBCC 命令后必须加上子命令，系统才知道要做什么。如DBCC CHECKALLOC 命令检查目前数据库内所有数据页的分配和使用情况。</p>
<p>　　关于DBCC 命令的详情，请参见附录。 </p>
<p>　　4.7.4 DECLARE</p>
<p>　　语法如下:</p>
<p>　　DECLARE {{ @local_variable data_type }</p>
<p>　　| { @cursor_variable_name CURSOR }</p>
<p>　　| { table_type_definition }</p>
<p>　　} [，...n]]</p>
<p>　　DECLARE 命令用于声明一个或多个局部变量、游标变量或表变量。在用DECLARE命令声明之后，所有的变量都被赋予初值NULL。需要用SELECT 或SET命令来给变量赋值。变量类型可为系统定义的或用户定义的类型，但不能为TEXT、NTEXT、IMAGE类型。CURSOR 指名变量是局部的游标变量。</p>
<p>　　例4-16</p>
<p>　　declare @x float @y datetime</p>
<p>　　select @x = pi @y = getdate</p>
<p>　　print @x</p>
<p>　　print @y</p>
<p>　　运行结果如下:</p>
<p>　　3.14159</p>
<p>　　Jun 17 2000 4:32PM</p>
<p>　　<strong>注意：</strong>如果变量为字符型，那么在data_type表达中应指明</p>
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