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<title>Object Detection Using Haar-like Features with Cascade of Boosted
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<h1><span lang=EN-US>Rapid Object Detection With A Cascade of Boosted
Classifiers Based on Haar-like Features</span></h1>
<h2><span lang=EN-US>Introduction</span></h2>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>This document describes how to train and
use a cascade of boosted classifiers for rapid object detection. A large set of
over-complete haar-like features provide the basis for the simple individual
classifiers. Examples of object detection tasks are face, eye and nose
detection, as well as logo detection. </span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US> </span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>The sample detection task in this document
is logo detection, since logo detection does not require the collection of
large set of registered and carefully marked object samples. Instead we assume
that from one prototype image, a very large set of derived object examples can
be derived (</span><span class=Typewch><span lang=EN-US>createsamples</span></span><span
lang=EN-US> utility, see below).</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US> </span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>A detailed description of the training/evaluation
algorithm can be found in [1] and [2].</span></p>
<h2><span lang=EN-US>Samples Creation</span></h2>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>For training a training samples must be
collected. There are two sample types: negative samples and positive samples.
Negative samples correspond to non-object images. Positive samples correspond
to object images.</span></p>
<h3><span lang=EN-US>Negative Samples</span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Negative samples are taken from arbitrary
images. These images must not contain object representations. Negative samples
are passed through background description file. It is a text file in which each
text line contains the filename (relative to the directory of the description
file) of negative sample image. This file must be created manually. Note that
the negative samples and sample images are also called background samples or
background samples images, and are used interchangeably in this document</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US> </span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Example of negative description file:</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US> </span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Directory structure:</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=Typewch><span lang=EN-US>/img</span></span></p>
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