time.c

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/*
 *  linux/arch/i386/kernel/time.c
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1995  Linus Torvalds
 *
 * This file contains the PC-specific time handling details:
 * reading the RTC at bootup, etc..
 * 1994-07-02    Alan Modra
 *	fixed set_rtc_mmss, fixed time.year for >= 2000, new mktime
 * 1995-03-26    Markus Kuhn
 *      fixed 500 ms bug at call to set_rtc_mmss, fixed DS12887
 *      precision CMOS clock update
 * 1996-05-03    Ingo Molnar
 *      fixed time warps in do_[slow|fast]_gettimeoffset()
 * 1997-09-10	Updated NTP code according to technical memorandum Jan '96
 *		"A Kernel Model for Precision Timekeeping" by Dave Mills
 * 1998-09-05    (Various)
 *	More robust do_fast_gettimeoffset() algorithm implemented
 *	(works with APM, Cyrix 6x86MX and Centaur C6),
 *	monotonic gettimeofday() with fast_get_timeoffset(),
 *	drift-proof precision TSC calibration on boot
 *	(C. Scott Ananian <[e-mail]>, Andrew D.
 *	Balsa <[e-mail]>, Philip Gladstone <[e-mail]>;
 *	ported from 2.0.35 Jumbo-9 by Michael Krause <[e-mail]>).
 * 1998-12-16    Andrea Arcangeli
 *	Fixed Jumbo-9 code in 2.1.131: do_gettimeofday was missing 1 jiffy
 *	because was not accounting lost_ticks.
 * 1998-12-24 Copyright (C) 1998  Andrea Arcangeli
 *	Fixed a xtime SMP race (we need the xtime_lock rw spinlock to
 *	serialize accesses to xtime/lost_ticks).
 */

#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/param.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/time.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/smp.h>

#include <asm/io.h>
#include <asm/smp.h>
#include <asm/irq.h>
#include <asm/msr.h>
#include <asm/delay.h>
#include <asm/mpspec.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/processor.h>

#include <linux/mc146818rtc.h>
#include <linux/timex.h>
#include <linux/config.h>

#include <asm/fixmap.h>
#include <asm/cobalt.h>

/*
 * for x86_do_profile()
 */
#include <linux/irq.h>


unsigned long cpu_khz;	/* Detected as we calibrate the TSC */

/* Number of usecs that the last interrupt was delayed */
static int delay_at_last_interrupt;

static unsigned long last_tsc_low; /* lsb 32 bits of Time Stamp Counter */

/* Cached *multiplier* to convert TSC counts to microseconds.
 * (see the equation below).
 * Equal to 2^32 * (1 / (clocks per usec) ).
 * Initialized in time_init.
 */
unsigned long fast_gettimeoffset_quotient;

extern rwlock_t xtime_lock;
extern unsigned long wall_jiffies;

spinlock_t rtc_lock = SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED;

static inline unsigned long do_fast_gettimeoffset(void)
{
	register unsigned long eax, edx;

	/* Read the Time Stamp Counter */

	rdtsc(eax,edx);

	/* .. relative to previous jiffy (32 bits is enough) */
	eax -= last_tsc_low;	/* tsc_low delta */

	/*
         * Time offset = (tsc_low delta) * fast_gettimeoffset_quotient
         *             = (tsc_low delta) * (usecs_per_clock)
         *             = (tsc_low delta) * (usecs_per_jiffy / clocks_per_jiffy)
	 *
	 * Using a mull instead of a divl saves up to 31 clock cycles
	 * in the critical path.
         */

	__asm__("mull %2"
		:"=a" (eax), "=d" (edx)
		:"rm" (fast_gettimeoffset_quotient),
		 "0" (eax));

	/* our adjusted time offset in microseconds */
	return delay_at_last_interrupt + edx;
}

#define TICK_SIZE tick

spinlock_t i8253_lock = SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED;

extern spinlock_t i8259A_lock;

#ifndef CONFIG_X86_TSC

/* This function must be called with interrupts disabled 
 * It was inspired by Steve McCanne's microtime-i386 for BSD.  -- jrs
 * 
 * However, the pc-audio speaker driver changes the divisor so that
 * it gets interrupted rather more often - it loads 64 into the
 * counter rather than 11932! This has an adverse impact on
 * do_gettimeoffset() -- it stops working! What is also not
 * good is that the interval that our timer function gets called
 * is no longer 10.0002 ms, but 9.9767 ms. To get around this
 * would require using a different timing source. Maybe someone
 * could use the RTC - I know that this can interrupt at frequencies
 * ranging from 8192Hz to 2Hz. If I had the energy, I'd somehow fix
 * it so that at startup, the timer code in sched.c would select
 * using either the RTC or the 8253 timer. The decision would be
 * based on whether there was any other device around that needed
 * to trample on the 8253. I'd set up the RTC to interrupt at 1024 Hz,
 * and then do some jiggery to have a version of do_timer that 
 * advanced the clock by 1/1024 s. Every time that reached over 1/100
 * of a second, then do all the old code. If the time was kept correct
 * then do_gettimeoffset could just return 0 - there is no low order
 * divider that can be accessed.
 *
 * Ideally, you would be able to use the RTC for the speaker driver,
 * but it appears that the speaker driver really needs interrupt more
 * often than every 120 us or so.
 *
 * Anyway, this needs more thought....		pjsg (1993-08-28)
 * 
 * If you are really that interested, you should be reading
 * comp.protocols.time.ntp!
 */

static unsigned long do_slow_gettimeoffset(void)
{
	int count;

	static int count_p = LATCH;    /* for the first call after boot */
	static unsigned long jiffies_p = 0;

	/*
	 * cache volatile jiffies temporarily; we have IRQs turned off. 
	 */
	unsigned long jiffies_t;

	/* gets recalled with irq locally disabled */
	spin_lock(&i8253_lock);
	/* timer count may underflow right here */
	outb_p(0x00, 0x43);	/* latch the count ASAP */

	count = inb_p(0x40);	/* read the latched count */

	/*
	 * We do this guaranteed double memory access instead of a _p 
	 * postfix in the previous port access. Wheee, hackady hack
	 */
 	jiffies_t = jiffies;

	count |= inb_p(0x40) << 8;
	
        /* VIA686a test code... reset the latch if count > max + 1 */
        if (count > LATCH) {
                outb_p(0x34, 0x43);
                outb_p(LATCH & 0xff, 0x40);
                outb(LATCH >> 8, 0x40);
                count = LATCH - 1;
        }
	
	spin_unlock(&i8253_lock);

	/*
	 * avoiding timer inconsistencies (they are rare, but they happen)...
	 * there are two kinds of problems that must be avoided here:
	 *  1. the timer counter underflows
	 *  2. hardware problem with the timer, not giving us continuous time,
	 *     the counter does small "jumps" upwards on some Pentium systems,
	 *     (see c't 95/10 page 335 for Neptun bug.)
	 */

/* you can safely undefine this if you don't have the Neptune chipset */

#define BUGGY_NEPTUN_TIMER

	if( jiffies_t == jiffies_p ) {
		if( count > count_p ) {
			/* the nutcase */

			int i;

			spin_lock(&i8259A_lock);
			/*
			 * This is tricky when I/O APICs are used;
			 * see do_timer_interrupt().
			 */
			i = inb(0x20);
			spin_unlock(&i8259A_lock);

			/* assumption about timer being IRQ0 */
			if (i & 0x01) {
				/*
				 * We cannot detect lost timer interrupts ... 
				 * well, that's why we call them lost, don't we? :)
				 * [hmm, on the Pentium and Alpha we can ... sort of]
				 */
				count -= LATCH;
			} else {
#ifdef BUGGY_NEPTUN_TIMER
				/*
				 * for the Neptun bug we know that the 'latch'
				 * command doesnt latch the high and low value
				 * of the counter atomically. Thus we have to 
				 * substract 256 from the counter 
				 * ... funny, isnt it? :)
				 */

				count -= 256;
#else
				printk("do_slow_gettimeoffset(): hardware timer problem?\n");
#endif
			}
		}
	} else
		jiffies_p = jiffies_t;

	count_p = count;

	count = ((LATCH-1) - count) * TICK_SIZE;
	count = (count + LATCH/2) / LATCH;

	return count;
}

static unsigned long (*do_gettimeoffset)(void) = do_slow_gettimeoffset;

#else

#define do_gettimeoffset()	do_fast_gettimeoffset()

#endif

/*
 * This version of gettimeofday has microsecond resolution
 * and better than microsecond precision on fast x86 machines with TSC.
 */
void do_gettimeofday(struct timeval *tv)
{
	unsigned long flags;
	unsigned long usec, sec;

	read_lock_irqsave(&xtime_lock, flags);
	usec = do_gettimeoffset();
	{
		unsigned long lost = jiffies - wall_jiffies;
		if (lost)
			usec += lost * (1000000 / HZ);
	}
	sec = xtime.tv_sec;
	usec += xtime.tv_usec;
	read_unlock_irqrestore(&xtime_lock, flags);

	while (usec >= 1000000) {
		usec -= 1000000;
		sec++;
	}

	tv->tv_sec = sec;
	tv->tv_usec = usec;
}

void do_settimeofday(struct timeval *tv)
{
	write_lock_irq(&xtime_lock);
	/*
	 * This is revolting. We need to set "xtime" correctly. However, the
	 * value in this location is the value at the most recent update of
	 * wall time.  Discover what correction gettimeofday() would have
	 * made, and then undo it!
	 */
	tv->tv_usec -= do_gettimeoffset();
	tv->tv_usec -= (jiffies - wall_jiffies) * (1000000 / HZ);

	while (tv->tv_usec < 0) {
		tv->tv_usec += 1000000;
		tv->tv_sec--;
	}

	xtime = *tv;
	time_adjust = 0;		/* stop active adjtime() */
	time_status |= STA_UNSYNC;
	time_maxerror = NTP_PHASE_LIMIT;
	time_esterror = NTP_PHASE_LIMIT;
	write_unlock_irq(&xtime_lock);
}

/*
 * In order to set the CMOS clock precisely, set_rtc_mmss has to be
 * called 500 ms after the second nowtime has started, because when
 * nowtime is written into the registers of the CMOS clock, it will
 * jump to the next second precisely 500 ms later. Check the Motorola
 * MC146818A or Dallas DS12887 data sheet for details.
 *
 * BUG: This routine does not handle hour overflow properly; it just
 *      sets the minutes. Usually you'll only notice that after reboot!
 */
static int set_rtc_mmss(unsigned long nowtime)
{
	int retval = 0;
	int real_seconds, real_minutes, cmos_minutes;
	unsigned char save_control, save_freq_select;

	/* gets recalled with irq locally disabled */
	spin_lock(&rtc_lock);
	save_control = CMOS_READ(RTC_CONTROL); /* tell the clock it's being set */
	CMOS_WRITE((save_control|RTC_SET), RTC_CONTROL);

	save_freq_select = CMOS_READ(RTC_FREQ_SELECT); /* stop and reset prescaler */
	CMOS_WRITE((save_freq_select|RTC_DIV_RESET2), RTC_FREQ_SELECT);

	cmos_minutes = CMOS_READ(RTC_MINUTES);
	if (!(save_control & RTC_DM_BINARY) || RTC_ALWAYS_BCD)
		BCD_TO_BIN(cmos_minutes);

	/*
	 * since we're only adjusting minutes and seconds,
	 * don't interfere with hour overflow. This avoids
	 * messing with unknown time zones but requires your
	 * RTC not to be off by more than 15 minutes
	 */
	real_seconds = nowtime % 60;
	real_minutes = nowtime / 60;
	if (((abs(real_minutes - cmos_minutes) + 15)/30) & 1)
		real_minutes += 30;		/* correct for half hour time zone */
	real_minutes %= 60;

	if (abs(real_minutes - cmos_minutes) < 30) {
		if (!(save_control & RTC_DM_BINARY) || RTC_ALWAYS_BCD) {
			BIN_TO_BCD(real_seconds);
			BIN_TO_BCD(real_minutes);