📄 gtk-x11.html
字号:
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"><html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=US-ASCII"><title>Using GTK+ on the X Window System</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.73.2"><link rel="start" href="index.html" title="GTK+ Reference Manual"><link rel="up" href="gtk.html" title="Part I. GTK+ Overview"><link rel="prev" href="gtk-running.html" title="Running GTK+ Applications"><link rel="next" href="gtk-windows.html" title="Using GTK+ on Windows"><meta name="generator" content="GTK-Doc V1.9 (XML mode)"><link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css" type="text/css"><link rel="part" href="gtk.html" title="Part I. GTK+ Overview"><link rel="part" href="gtkbase.html" title="Part II. GTK+ Core Reference"><link rel="part" href="gtkobjects.html" title="Part III. GTK+ Widgets and Objects"><link rel="chapter" href="ch01.html" title="Object Hierarchy"><link rel="chapter" href="ch02.html" title="Widget Gallery"><link rel="chapter" href="WindowWidgets.html" title="Windows"><link rel="chapter" href="DisplayWidgets.html" title="Display Widgets"><link rel="chapter" href="ButtonWidgets.html" title="Buttons and Toggles"><link rel="chapter" href="NumericEntry.html" title="Numeric/Text Data Entry"><link rel="chapter" href="TextWidgetObjects.html" title="Multiline Text Editor"><link rel="chapter" href="TreeWidgetObjects.html" title="Tree, List and Icon Grid Widgets"><link rel="chapter" href="MenusAndCombos.html" title="Menus, Combo Box, Toolbar"><link rel="chapter" href="Actions.html" title="Action-based menus and toolbars"><link rel="chapter" href="SelectorWidgets.html" title="Selectors (File/Font/Color/Input Devices)"><link rel="chapter" href="LayoutContainers.html" title="Layout Containers"><link rel="chapter" href="Ornaments.html" title="Ornaments"><link rel="chapter" href="ScrollingWidgets.html" title="Scrolling"><link rel="chapter" href="Printing.html" title="Printing"><link rel="chapter" href="MiscObjects.html" title="Miscellaneous"><link rel="chapter" href="AbstractObjects.html" title="Abstract Base Classes"><link rel="chapter" href="PlugSocket.html" title="Cross-process Embedding"><link rel="chapter" href="SpecialObjects.html" title="Special-purpose features"><link rel="chapter" href="RecentDocuments.html" title="Recently Used Documents"><link rel="chapter" href="Builder.html" title="Interface builder"><link rel="chapter" href="DeprecatedObjects.html" title="Deprecated"><link rel="part" href="migrating.html" title="Part IV. Migrating from Previous Versions of GTK+"><link rel="chapter" href="gtk-migrating-checklist.html" title="Migration Checklist"><link rel="chapter" href="gtk-migrating-GtkFileChooser.html" title="Migrating from GtkFileSelection to GtkFileChooser"><link rel="chapter" href="gtk-migrating-GtkAction.html" title="Migrating from old menu and toolbar systems to GtkAction"><link rel="chapter" href="gtk-migrating-GtkComboBox.html" title="Migrating from GtkOptionMenu and GtkCombo to GtkComboBox and GtkComboBoxEntry"><link rel="chapter" href="gtk-migrating-GtkIconView.html" title="Migrating from GnomeIconList to GtkIconView"><link rel="chapter" href="gtk-migrating-GtkAboutDialog.html" title="Migrating from GnomeAbout to GtkAboutDialog"><link rel="chapter" href="gtk-migrating-GtkColorButton.html" title="Migrating from GnomeColorPicker to GtkColorButton"><link rel="chapter" href="gtk-migrating-GtkAssistant.html" title="Migrating from GnomeDruid to GtkAssistant"><link rel="chapter" href="gtk-migrating-GtkRecentChooser.html" title="Migrating from EggRecent to GtkRecentChooser"><link rel="chapter" href="gtk-migrating-GtkLinkButton.html" title="Migrating from GnomeHRef to GtkLinkButton"><link rel="chapter" href="gtk-migrating-GtkBuilder.html" title="Migrating from libglade to GtkBuilder"><link rel="chapter" href="gtk-migrating-tooltips.html" title="Migrating from GtkTooltips to GtkTooltip"><link rel="part" href="pt05.html" title="Part V. GTK+ Tools"><link rel="glossary" href="glossary.html" title="Glossary"><link rel="index" href="ix01.html" title="Index"><link rel="index" href="ix02.html" title="Index of deprecated symbols"><link rel="index" href="ix03.html" title="Index of new symbols in 2.2"><link rel="index" href="ix04.html" title="Index of new symbols in 2.4"><link rel="index" href="ix05.html" title="Index of new symbols in 2.6"><link rel="index" href="ix06.html" title="Index of new symbols in 2.8"><link rel="index" href="ix07.html" title="Index of new symbols in 2.10"><link rel="index" href="ix08.html" title="Index of new symbols in 2.12"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><table class="navigation" id="top" width="100%" summary="Navigation header" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2"><tr valign="middle"><td><a accesskey="p" href="gtk-running.html"><img src="left.png" width="24" height="24" border="0" alt="Prev"></a></td><td><a accesskey="u" href="gtk.html"><img src="up.png" width="24" height="24" border="0" alt="Up"></a></td><td><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><img src="home.png" width="24" height="24" border="0" alt="Home"></a></td><th width="100%" align="center">GTK+ Reference Manual</th><td><a accesskey="n" href="gtk-windows.html"><img src="right.png" width="24" height="24" border="0" alt="Next"></a></td></tr></table><div class="refentry" lang="en"><a name="gtk-x11"></a><div class="titlepage"></div><div class="refnamediv"><table width="100%"><tr><td valign="top"><h2><span class="refentrytitle">Using GTK+ on the X Window System</span></h2><p>Using GTK+ on the X Window System — X11 aspects of using GTK+</p></td><td valign="top" align="right"></td></tr></table></div><div class="refsect1" lang="en"><a name="id3133945"></a><h2>GTK+ for the X Window System</h2><p>On UNIX, the X backend is the default build for GTK+. So you don't need to do anything special when compiling it,and everything should "just work."</p><p>To mix low-level Xlib routines into a GTK program, see <ahref="/usr/share/gtk-doc/html/gdk/gdk-X-Window-System-Interaction.html">GDK X WindowSystem interaction</a> in the GDK manual.</p><div class="refsect2" lang="en"><a name="x11-cmdline"></a><h3>X11-specific commandline options</h3><p>The X backend understands some additional command line arguments.</p><p><b><code class="systemitem">--display <em class="replaceable"><code>display</code></em></code>. </b>The name of the X display to open instead of the one specifiedin the <code class="envar">DISPLAY</code> environment variable. </p><p><b><code class="systemitem">--screen <em class="replaceable"><code>screen_number</code></em></code>. </b> The number of the screen within the default display. This overrides any screen number specified in the display name specified by by he <code class="systemitem">--display</code> command line option or the <code class="envar">DISPLAY</code> environment variable. If this screen cannot be opened, then GTK+ will fall back to the screen specified in the display name. This option is not useful interactively; the intended purposes is that when a program registers its command line with a <em class="firstterm">session manager</em> for later restarting, it can save the screen it is on, without having to worry if it might be restarted on a different display.</p><p><b><code class="systemitem">--sync</code>. </b>Makes all X requests synchronously. This is a useful option for debugging, but it will slow down the performance considerably.</p><p><b><code class="systemitem">--gxid-host <em class="replaceable"><code>host</code></em></code>. </b>The host to contact the <span class="application">gxid</span> daemon on; overrides the <a class="link" href="gtk-x11.html#GXID" title="GXID_HOST, GXID_PORT"><code class="envar">GXID_HOST</code></a> environment variable.</p><p><b><code class="systemitem">--gxid-port <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em></code>. </b>The port for the connection to <span class="application">gxid</span>; overrides the <a class="link" href="gtk-x11.html#GXID" title="GXID_HOST, GXID_PORT"><code class="envar">GXID_PORT</code></a> environment variable.This option is only available if GTK+ has been configured with<code class="option">--gdk-target=x11</code>.</p></div><hr><div class="refsect2" lang="en"><a name="x11-envar"></a><h3>X11-specific environment variables</h3><p>The X backend can be influenced with someadditional environment variables.</p><p><a name="GXID"></a><b><code class="envar">GXID_HOST</code>, <code class="envar">GXID_PORT</code>. </b> The host and port to contact the <span class="application">gxid</span> daemon on. <span class="application">gxid</span> is only necessary on X servers which don't support using the pointer and extension devices at once, and is only built if GTK+ is configured with <code class="option">--with-xinput=gxi</code>. The <span class="application">XFree86</span> and <span class="application">Xorg</span> X servers don't have this restriction. </p><p><b><code class="envar">GDK_USE_XFT</code>. </b> If this variable is set to 1, GTK+ will use the Pango Xft backend instead of the X backend when possible (i.e. when the X server supports the XRender extension and Pango has been built with Xft support). </p></div></div><div class="refsect1" lang="en"><a name="gtk-X11-arch"></a><h2>Understanding the X11 architecture</h2><p>People coming from a Windows or MacOS background often find certainaspects of the X Window System surprising. This section introducessome basic X concepts at a high level. For more details, the book mostpeople use is called the <em class="citetitle">Xlib ProgrammingManual</em> by Adrian Nye; this book is volume one in theO'Reilly X Window System series.</p><p>Standards are another important resource if you're poking in low-levelX11 details, in particular the ICCCM and the Extended Window ManagerHints specifications. <a class="ulink" href="http://www.freedesktop.org/standards/" target="_top">freedesktop.org</a>has links to many relevant specifications.</p><p>The GDK manual covers <ahref="/usr/share/gtk-doc/html/gdk/gdk-X-Window-System-Interaction.html">using Xlib in a GTKprogram</a>.</p><div class="refsect2" lang="en"><a name="id3134833"></a><h3>Server, client, window manager</h3><p>Other window systems typically put all their functionality in theapplication itself. With X, each application involves three differentprograms: the <em class="firstterm">X server</em>, the application (calleda <em class="firstterm">client</em> because it's a client of the Xserver), and a special client called the <em class="firstterm">windowmanager</em>.</p><p>The X server is in charge of managing resources, processing drawingrequests, and dispatching events such as keyboard and mouse events tointerested applications. So client applications can ask the X serverto create a window, draw a circle, or move windows around.</p><p>The window manager is in charge of rendering the frame or bordersaround windows; it also has final say on the size of each window,and window states such as minimized, maximized, and so forth.On Windows and MacOS the application handles most of this.On X11, if you wish to modify the window's state, or change its frame, you must ask the window manager to do so on yourbehalf, using an established <a class="ulink" href="http://www.freedesktop.org/standards/" target="_top">convention</a>.</p><p>GTK+ has functions for asking the window manager to do various things;see for example <a class="link" href="GtkWindow.html#gtk-window-iconify">gtk_window_iconify()</a> or <a class="link" href="GtkWindow.html#gtk-window-maximize">gtk_window_maximize()</a> or <a class="link" href="GtkWindow.html#gtk-window-set-decorated">gtk_window_set_decorated()</a>.Keep in mind that <a class="link" href="GtkWindow.html#gtk-window-move">gtk_window_move()</a> and window sizingare ultimately controlled by the window manager as well and mostwindow managers <span class="emphasis"><em>will</em></span> ignore certain requests fromtime to time, in the interests of good user interface.</p></div></div></div></body></html>⌨️ 快捷键说明
复制代码
Ctrl + C
搜索代码
Ctrl + F
全屏模式
F11
切换主题
Ctrl + Shift + D
显示快捷键
?
增大字号
Ctrl + =
减小字号
Ctrl + -