zoo.1

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.\" derived from: @(#) zoo.1 2.44 88/08/25 16:05:30 */
.\" $Source: /usr/home/dhesi/zoo/RCS/zoo.1,v $
.\" $Id: zoo.1,v 1.4 91/07/09 02:25:41 dhesi Exp $
.\"
.\" For formatting with nroff:
.\"   tbl zoo.1 | nroff -man | col
.\" It should be possible to use troff instead of nroff but I haven't
.\" confirmed this.  R.D.
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.na
.TH ZOO 1 "July 7, 1991"
.AT 3
.de sh
.br
.ne 5
.PP
\fB\\$1\fR
.PP
..
.SH NAME
zoo \- manipulate archives of files in compressed form
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B zoo 
.RB { acfDeghHlLPTuUvVx }[ aAcCdEfghImMnNoOpPqSu1:/.@n+\-= ]
archive [file] ...
.sp 0
.B zoo \-command 
archive [file] ...
.sp 0
.B zoo h
.SH DESCRIPTION
.I Zoo
is used to create and maintain collections of files in compressed form.
It uses a Lempel-Ziv compression algorithm that gives space savings
in the range of 20% to 80% depending on the type of file data.
.I Zoo
can store and selectively extract
multiple generations of the same file.  Data can be recovered
from damaged archives by skipping the damaged portion
and locating undamaged data with the help of
.I fiz(1).
.PP
This documentation is for version 2.1.  Changes from previous
versions are described in the section labelled
.BR CHANGES .
.PP
The command
.I zoo 
.B h
gives a summary of commands.  Extended multiscreen help can be obtained
with
.I zoo
.BR H .
.PP
.I Zoo 
will not add an archive to itself, nor add the
archive's backup (with 
.B .bak 
extension to the filename) to the archive.
.PP
.I Zoo 
has two types of commands:  Expert commands, which consist of one command 
letter followed by zero or more modifier characters, and Novice commands, 
which consist of a hyphen (`\-') followed by a command word that may
be abbreviated.  Expert commands are case-sensitive but Novice commands
are not.
.PP
When 
.I zoo
adds a file to an existing archive, the default action is to maintain 
one generation of each file in an archive and 
to mark any older generation as deleted.  A limit on the number
of generations to save can be specified by the user for
an entire archive, or for each file individually, or both.
.I
Zoo
deletes a stored copy of an added file if necessary to prevent 
the number of stored generations from exceeding the user-specified limit.
.PP
Deleted files may be later undeleted.
Archives may be packed to recover space occupied by deleted files.
.PP
All commands assume that the archive name ends with the characters
.B .zoo
unless a different extension is supplied.  
.PP
.B Novice commands
.PP
Novice commands may be abbreviated to a hyphen followed by at least
one command character.  Each Novice command works in two stages. 
First, the command does its intended work.  Then, if the result was
that one or more files were deleted in the specified archive, the
archive is packed.  If packing occurs, the original unpacked archive
is always left behind with an extension of
.BR .bak .
.PP
No Novice command ever stores the directory prefix of a file.
.PP
The Novice commands are as follows.
.PP
.TP 8
.B \-add
Adds the specified files to the archive.
.PP
.TP
.B \-freshen
Adds a specified file to the archive if and only if an older file by
the same name already exists in the archive.
.PP
.TP
.B \-delete
Deletes the specified files from the archive.
.PP
.TP
.B \-update
Adds a specified file to the archive either:  if an older file by
the same name already exists in the archive or:  if a file by the
same name does not already exist in the archive.
.PP
.TP
.B \-extract
Extracts the specified files from the archive.  If no file is specified
all files are extracted.
.PP
.TP
.B \-move
Equivalent to 
.B \-add
except that source files are deleted after addition.
.PP
.TP
.B \-print
Equivalent to 
.B \-extract
except that extracted data are sent to standard output.
.PP
.TP
.B \-list
Gives information about the specified archived files including any
attached comments.  If no files are
specified all files are listed.  Deleted files are not listed.
.PP
.TP
.B \-test
Equivalent to
.B \-extract
except that the extracted data are not saved but any errors encountered
are reported.
.PP
.TP
.B \-comment
Allows the user to add or update comments attached to archived files.
When prompted, the user may:  type a carriage return to skip the file,
leaving any
current comment unchanged;  or type a (possibly null) comment of up
to 32,767 characters terminated 
by
.B /end
(case-insensitive) on
a separate line;  or type the end-of-file character (normally control D)
to skip all remaining files. 
.PP
.TP
.B \-delete
Deletes the specified files.
.PP
.ne 16
.nf
The correspondence between Novice and Expert commands is as follows.
.PP
.\" Table formatting for troff thanks to Bill Davidsen <uunet!crdos1!davidsen>
.sp
.TS H
tab(@);
l l l.
Novice@@Equivalent
Command@Description@Expert Command
_
\-add@add files to archive@aP:
\-extract@extract files from archive@x
\-move@move files to archive@aMP:
\-test@test archive integrity@xNd
\-print@extract files to standard output@xp
\-delete@delete files from archive@DP
\-list@list archive contents@VC
\-update@add new or newer files@aunP:
\-freshen@by add newer files@auP:
\-comment@add comments to files@c
.TE
.fi
.PD
.PP
.sh "Expert commands"
The general format of expert commands is:
.PP
.I zoo
.RB { acfDeghHlLPTuUvVx }[ aAcCdEfghImMnNoOpPqSu1:/.@n+\-= ]
archive [file] ...
.PP
The characters enclosed within {} are commands.  Choose any one of
these.  The characters enclosed within [] just to the right of the {}
are modifiers and zero or more of these may immediately follow the
command character.  All combinations of command and modifier characters
may not be valid.
.PP
Files are added to an archive with the command:
.PP
.I zoo 
.RB { au }[ cfhIMnPqu:+\- ]
archive [file] ...
.PP
Command characters are:
.PP
.TP
.B a
Add each specified file to archive.  Any already-archived copy of 
the file is deleted if this is necessary to avoid exceeding the
user-specified limit on the number of generations of the
file to maintain in the archive.
.PP
.TP 
.B u
Do an update of the archive.  A specified file is added to the
archive only if a copy of it is already in the archive and the copy
being added is newer than the copy already in the archive.  
.PP
The following modifiers are specific to these commands.
.PP
.TP 
.B M
Move files to archive.  This makes 
.I zoo 
delete (unlink) the original files after they have been added to the
archive.  Files are deleted after addition of all files to the archive is
complete and after any requested packing of the archive has been done,
and only if 
.I zoo 
detected no errors.
.PP
.TP 
.B n
Add new files only.  A specified file is added only if it isn't
already in the archive.
.PP
.TP
.B h
Use the high performance compression algorithm. This option may be used
with either the add (a) or filter (f) commands to gain extra compression
at the expense of using somewhat more processor time. Extracting files
compressed with the method is usually slightly faster than those saved
with the default method.
.PP
.TP 
.B P
Pack archive after files have been added.  
.PP
.TP
.B u
Applied to the
.B a
command, this modifier makes it behave identically to the
.B u
command.
.sp 1
The combination of the 
.B n
modifier with the
.B u
modifier or 
.B u
command causes addition of a file to the archive either 
if the file is not already in the archive, 
.I or 
if the file is already in the archive but the archived
copy is older than the copy being added.
.PP
.TP
.B :
Do not store directory names.  In the absence of this modifier
.I zoo
stores the full pathname of each archived file.
.PP
.TP
.B I
Read filenames to be archived from standard input.  
.I Zoo 
will read
its standard input and assume that each line of text contains a
filename.  Under AmigaDOS and the **IX family, the entire line is used.
Under MS-DOS and VAX/VMS,
.I zoo
assumes that the filename is terminated by a blank, tab,
or newline; thus it is permissible for the line of text to
contain more than one field separated by white space, and only the
first field will be used.
.sp 1
Under the **IX family of operating systems, 
.I zoo
can be used as follows in a pipeline:
.IP "" 10
find . \-print | 
.I zoo
aI sources
.IP "" 5
.sp 1
If the
.B I
modifier is specified, no filenames may be supplied on the command
line itself.
.PP
.TP
.BR + , \-
These modifiers take effect only if the
.B a
command results in the creation of a new archive.
.B +
causes any newly-created archive to have
generations enabled.
.B \-
is provided for symmetry and causes any newly-created
archive to have generations disabled;  this is also the
default if neither
.B +
nor
.B \-
is specified.
.PP
Files are extracted from an archive with the command:
.sp 1
.I zoo 
.RB { ex }[ dNoOpqS./@ ]
archive [file] ...
.PP
The 
.B e 
and 
.B x 
commands are synonymous.  If no file was specified, all files are
extracted from the archive.
.PP
The following modifiers are specific to the e and x commands:
.PP
.TP 
.B N
Do not save extracted data but report any errors encountered.  
.PP
.TP
.B O
Overwrite files.  Normally, if a file being extracted would 
overwrite an already-existing file of the same name, 
.I zoo 
asks you if
you really want to overwrite it.  You may answer the question with
`y', which means yes, overwrite; or `n', which means no, don't
overwrite; or `a', which means assume the answer is `y' for this
and all subsequent files.  The 
.B O 
modifier makes 
.I zoo
assume that files may always be overwritten.  Neither
answering the question affirmatively nor using
.B O
alone will cause read-only files to be overwritten.
.sp 1
On **IX systems, however, doubling this modifier as
.B OO
will force
.I zoo
to unconditionally overwrite any read-protected files 
with extracted files if it can do so.  
.sp 1
The 
.B O, N, 
and 
.B p 
modifiers are mutually exclusive.
.PP
.TP
.B S
Supersede newer files on disk with older extracted
files.
Unless this modifier is used,
.I zoo
will not overwrite a newer existing file with an
older extracted file.
.PP
.TP
.B o    
This is equivalent to the 
.B O 
modifier if and only if it
is given at least twice.  It is otherwise ignored.
.PP
.TP
.B p    
Pipe extracted data to standard output.  Error messages are piped to 
standard output as well.  However, if a bad CRC is detected, an error
message is sent both to standard error and to standard output.
.PP
.TP
.B /
Extract to original pathname.  Any needed directories must already
exist.  In the absence of this modifier all files are extracted into
the current directory.  If this modifier is doubled as
.BR // ,
required directories need not exist and are created if necessary.
.PP
The management of multiple generations of archived files
is done with the commands:
.sp 1
.B zoo 
\fBgl\fR[\fR\fBAq\fR]{\fR\fB+\-=\fR}\fR\fBnumber
.B archive files ..
.sp 0
.B zoo 
\fBgc\fR[\fR\fBq\fR]{\fR\fB+\-=\fR}\fR\fBnumber
.B archive files ..
.sp 0
.B zoo