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<TITLE>B: Etc</TITLE>
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  <H2><FONT FACE="Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, Sans">
  Thinking in C++, 2nd edition, Volume 2<br>
  <small>Revision 4.0</small></FONT></H2>
  <H3><FONT FACE="Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, Sans">
  by Bruce Eckel &amp; Chuck Allison<br>&copy;2001 MindView, Inc.</FONT></H3>
  
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B: Etc</H1></FONT>
<DIV ALIGN="LEFT"><P><FONT FACE="Verdana" SIZE=4>This appendix contains files from
Volume 1 that are required to build the files in Volume 2.</FONT><BR></P></DIV>

<BLOCKQUOTE><FONT SIZE = "+1"><PRE><font color=#009900>//: :require.h</font>
<font color=#009900>// Test for error conditions in programs</font>
<font color=#009900>// Local "using namespace std" for old compilers</font>
#ifndef REQUIRE_H
#define REQUIRE_H
#include &lt;cstdio&gt;
#include &lt;cstdlib&gt;
#include &lt;fstream&gt;

<font color=#0000ff>inline</font> <font color=#0000ff>void</font> require(<font color=#0000ff>bool</font> requirement, 
  <font color=#0000ff>const</font> <font color=#0000ff>char</font>* msg = <font color=#004488>"Requirement failed"</font>) {
  <font color=#0000ff>using</font> <font color=#0000ff>namespace</font> std;
  <font color=#0000ff>if</font> (!requirement) {
    fputs(msg, stderr);
    fputs(<font color=#004488>"\n"</font>, stderr);
    exit(1);
  }
}

<font color=#0000ff>inline</font> <font color=#0000ff>void</font> requireArgs(<font color=#0000ff>int</font> argc, <font color=#0000ff>int</font> args, 
  <font color=#0000ff>const</font> <font color=#0000ff>char</font>* msg = <font color=#004488>"Must use %d arguments"</font>) {
  <font color=#0000ff>using</font> <font color=#0000ff>namespace</font> std;
   <font color=#0000ff>if</font> (argc != args + 1) {
     fprintf(stderr, msg, args);
     fputs(<font color=#004488>"\n"</font>, stderr);
     exit(1);
   }
}

<font color=#0000ff>inline</font> <font color=#0000ff>void</font> requireMinArgs(<font color=#0000ff>int</font> argc, <font color=#0000ff>int</font> minArgs,
  <font color=#0000ff>const</font> <font color=#0000ff>char</font>* msg = 
    <font color=#004488>"Must use at least %d arguments"</font>) {
  <font color=#0000ff>using</font> <font color=#0000ff>namespace</font> std;
  <font color=#0000ff>if</font>(argc &lt; minArgs + 1) {
    fprintf(stderr, msg, minArgs);
    fputs(<font color=#004488>"\n"</font>, stderr);
    exit(1);
  }
}
  
<font color=#0000ff>inline</font> <font color=#0000ff>void</font> assure(std::ifstream&amp; in, 
  <font color=#0000ff>const</font> <font color=#0000ff>char</font>* filename = <font color=#004488>""</font>) {
  <font color=#0000ff>using</font> <font color=#0000ff>namespace</font> std;
  <font color=#0000ff>if</font>(!in) {
    fprintf(stderr,
      <font color=#004488>"Could not open file %s\n"</font>, filename);
    exit(1);
  }
}

<font color=#0000ff>inline</font> <font color=#0000ff>void</font> assure(std::ofstream&amp; in, 
  <font color=#0000ff>const</font> <font color=#0000ff>char</font>* filename = <font color=#004488>""</font>) {
  <font color=#0000ff>using</font> <font color=#0000ff>namespace</font> std;
  <font color=#0000ff>if</font>(!in) {
    fprintf(stderr,
      <font color=#004488>"Could not open file %s\n"</font>, filename);
    exit(1);
  }
}
#endif <font color=#009900>// REQUIRE_H ///:~</font></PRE></FONT></BLOCKQUOTE>
<DIV ALIGN="LEFT"><P><FONT FACE="Georgia">From Volume 1, Chapter
9:</FONT><BR></P></DIV>

<BLOCKQUOTE><FONT SIZE = "+1"><PRE><font color=#009900>//: C0B:Stack4.h</font>
<font color=#009900>// With inlines</font>
#ifndef STACK4_H
#define STACK4_H
#include <font color=#004488>"..</font><font color=#004488>/require.h"</font>

<font color=#0000ff>class</font> Stack {
  <font color=#0000ff>struct</font> Link {
    <font color=#0000ff>void</font>* data;
    Link* next;
    Link(<font color=#0000ff>void</font>* dat, Link* nxt): 
      data(dat), next(nxt) {}
  }* head;
<font color=#0000ff>public</font>:
  Stack(){ head = 0; }
  ~Stack(){ 
    require(head == 0, <font color=#004488>"Stack not empty"</font>);
  }
  <font color=#0000ff>void</font> push(<font color=#0000ff>void</font>* dat) {
    head = <font color=#0000ff>new</font> Link(dat, head);
  }
  <font color=#0000ff>void</font>* peek() { <font color=#0000ff>return</font> head-&gt;data; }
  <font color=#0000ff>void</font>* pop(){
    <font color=#0000ff>if</font>(head == 0) <font color=#0000ff>return</font> 0;
    <font color=#0000ff>void</font>* result = head-&gt;data;
    Link* oldHead = head;
    head = head-&gt;next;
    <font color=#0000ff>delete</font> oldHead;
    <font color=#0000ff>return</font> result;
  }
};
#endif <font color=#009900>// STACK4_H ///:~</font></PRE></FONT></BLOCKQUOTE>


<BLOCKQUOTE><FONT SIZE = "+1"><PRE><font color=#009900>//: C0B:Dummy.cpp</font>
<font color=#009900>// To give the makefile at least one target </font>
<font color=#009900>// for this directory</font>
<font color=#0000ff>int</font> main() {} <font color=#009900>///:~</font></PRE></FONT></BLOCKQUOTE>


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