long.java

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            buf[--charPos] = sign;
        }
        return charPos;
    }

    static void appendTo(long i, StringBuffer sb) {
        if (i == Long.MIN_VALUE) {
            sb.append("-9223372036854775808");
            return;
        }
        char[] buf = (char[])(perThreadBuffer.get());
        int charPos = getChars(i, buf);
        sb.append(buf, charPos, (20 - charPos));
        return;
    }

    /**
     * Parses the string argument as a signed <code>long</code> in the
     * radix specified by the second argument. The characters in the
     * string must all be digits of the specified radix (as determined
     * by whether {@link java.lang.Character#digit(char, int)} returns
     * a nonnegative value), except that the first character may be an
     * ASCII minus sign <code>'-'</code> (<code>'&#92;u002D'</code>) to
     * indicate a negative value. The resulting <code>long</code>
     * value is returned.
     * <p>
     * Note that neither the character <code>L</code>
     * (<code>'&#92;u004C'</code>) nor <code>l</code>
     * (<code>'&#92;u006C'</code>) is permitted to appear at the end
     * of the string as a type indicator, as would be permitted in
     * Java programming language source code - except that either
     * <code>L</code> or <code>l</code> may appear as a digit for a
     * radix greater than 22.
     * <p>
     * An exception of type <code>NumberFormatException</code> is
     * thrown if any of the following situations occurs:
     * <ul>
     * <li>The first argument is <code>null</code> or is a string of
     * length zero.
     * <li>The <code>radix</code> is either smaller than {@link
     * java.lang.Character#MIN_RADIX} or larger than {@link
     * java.lang.Character#MAX_RADIX}.
     * <li>Any character of the string is not a digit of the specified
     * radix, except that the first character may be a minus sign
     * <code>'-'</code> (<code>'&#92;u002d'</code>) provided that the
     * string is longer than length 1.
     * <li>The value represented by the string is not a value of type
     *      <code>long</code>. 
     * </ul><p>
     * Examples:
     * <blockquote><pre>
     * parseLong("0", 10) returns 0L
     * parseLong("473", 10) returns 473L
     * parseLong("-0", 10) returns 0L
     * parseLong("-FF", 16) returns -255L
     * parseLong("1100110", 2) returns 102L
     * parseLong("99", 8) throws a NumberFormatException
     * parseLong("Hazelnut", 10) throws a NumberFormatException
     * parseLong("Hazelnut", 36) returns 1356099454469L
     * </pre></blockquote>
     * 
     * @param      s       the <code>String</code> containing the
     *                     <code>long</code> representation to be parsed.
     * @param      radix   the radix to be used while parsing <code>s</code>.
     * @return     the <code>long</code> represented by the string argument in
     *             the specified radix.
     * @exception  NumberFormatException  if the string does not contain a
     *               parsable <code>long</code>.
     */
    public static long parseLong(String s, int radix)
              throws NumberFormatException
    {
        if (s == null) {
            throw new NumberFormatException("null");
        }

	if (radix < Character.MIN_RADIX) {
	    throw new NumberFormatException("radix " + radix +
					    " less than Character.MIN_RADIX");
	}
	if (radix > Character.MAX_RADIX) {
	    throw new NumberFormatException("radix " + radix +
					    " greater than Character.MAX_RADIX");
	}

	long result = 0;
	boolean negative = false;
	int i = 0, max = s.length();
	long limit;
	long multmin;
	int digit;

	if (max > 0) {
	    if (s.charAt(0) == '-') {
		negative = true;
		limit = Long.MIN_VALUE;
		i++;
	    } else {
		limit = -Long.MAX_VALUE;
	    }
	    multmin = limit / radix;
            if (i < max) {
                digit = Character.digit(s.charAt(i++),radix);
		if (digit < 0) {
		    throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);
		} else {
		    result = -digit;
		}
	    }
	    while (i < max) {
		// Accumulating negatively avoids surprises near MAX_VALUE
		digit = Character.digit(s.charAt(i++),radix);
		if (digit < 0) {
		    throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);
		}
		if (result < multmin) {
		    throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);
		}
		result *= radix;
		if (result < limit + digit) {
		    throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);
		}
		result -= digit;
	    }
	} else {
	    throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);
	}
	if (negative) {
	    if (i > 1) {
		return result;
	    } else {	/* Only got "-" */
		throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);
	    }
	} else {
	    return -result;
	}
    }

    /**
     * Parses the string argument as a signed decimal
     * <code>long</code>.  The characters in the string must all be
     * decimal digits, except that the first character may be an ASCII
     * minus sign <code>'-'</code> (<code>&#92;u002D'</code>) to
     * indicate a negative value. The resulting <code>long</code>
     * value is returned, exactly as if the argument and the radix
     * <code>10</code> were given as arguments to the {@link
     * #parseLong(java.lang.String, int)} method.
     * <p>
     * Note that neither the character <code>L</code>
     * (<code>'&#92;u004C'</code>) nor <code>l</code>
     * (<code>'&#92;u006C'</code>) is permitted to appear at the end
     * of the string as a type indicator, as would be permitted in
     * Java programming language source code.
     *
     * @param      s   a <code>String</code> containing the <code>long</code>
     *             representation to be parsed
     * @return     the <code>long</code> represented by the argument in 
     *		   decimal.
     * @exception  NumberFormatException  if the string does not contain a
     *               parsable <code>long</code>.
     */
    public static long parseLong(String s) throws NumberFormatException {
	return parseLong(s, 10);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a <code>Long</code> object holding the value
     * extracted from the specified <code>String</code> when parsed
     * with the radix given by the second argument.  The first
     * argument is interpreted as representing a signed
     * <code>long</code> in the radix specified by the second
     * argument, exactly as if the arguments were given to the {@link
     * #parseLong(java.lang.String, int)} method. The result is a
     * <code>Long</code> object that represents the <code>long</code>
     * value specified by the string.
     * <p>
     * In other words, this method returns a <code>Long</code> object equal 
     * to the value of:
     *
     * <blockquote><code>
     * new Long(Long.parseLong(s, radix))
     * </code></blockquote>
     *
     * @param      s       the string to be parsed
     * @param      radix   the radix to be used in interpreting <code>s</code>
     * @return     a <code>Long</code> object holding the value
     *             represented by the string argument in the specified
     *             radix.
     * @exception  NumberFormatException  If the <code>String</code> does not
     *             contain a parsable <code>long</code>.
     */
    public static Long valueOf(String s, int radix) throws NumberFormatException {
	return new Long(parseLong(s, radix));
    }

    /**
     * Returns a <code>Long</code> object holding the value
     * of the specified <code>String</code>. The argument is
     * interpreted as representing a signed decimal <code>long</code>,
     * exactly as if the argument were given to the {@link
     * #parseLong(java.lang.String)} method. The result is a
     * <code>Long</code> object that represents the integer value
     * specified by the string.
     * <p>
     * In other words, this method returns a <code>Long</code> object
     * equal to the value of:
     *
     * <blockquote><pre>
     * new Long(Long.parseLong(s))
     * </pre></blockquote>
     *
     * @param      s   the string to be parsed.
     * @return     a <code>Long</code> object holding the value
     *             represented by the string argument.
     * @exception  NumberFormatException  If the string cannot be parsed
     *              as a <code>long</code>.
     */
    public static Long valueOf(String s) throws NumberFormatException
    {
	return new Long(parseLong(s, 10));
    }

    /**
     * Decodes a <code>String</code> into a <code>Long</code>.
     * Accepts decimal, hexadecimal, and octal numbers given by the
     * following grammar:
     *
     * <blockquote>
     * <dl>
     * <dt><i>DecodableString:</i>
     * <dd><i>Sign<sub>opt</sub> DecimalNumeral</i>
     * <dd><i>Sign<sub>opt</sub></i> <code>0x</code> <i>HexDigits</i>
     * <dd><i>Sign<sub>opt</sub></i> <code>0X</code> <i>HexDigits</i>
     * <dd><i>Sign<sub>opt</sub></i> <code>#</code> <i>HexDigits</i>
     * <dd><i>Sign<sub>opt</sub></i> <code>0</code> <i>OctalDigits</i>
     * <p>
     * <dt><i>Sign:</i>
     * <dd><code>-</code>
     * </dl>
     * </blockquote>
     *
     * <i>DecimalNumeral</i>, <i>HexDigits</i>, and <i>OctalDigits</i>
     * are defined in <a href="http://java.sun.com/docs/books/jls/second_edition/html/lexical.doc.html#48282">&sect;3.10.1</a> 
     * of the <a href="http://java.sun.com/docs/books/jls/html/">Java 
     * Language Specification</a>.
     * <p>
     * The sequence of characters following an (optional) negative
     * sign and/or radix specifier (&quot;<code>0x</code>&quot;,
     * &quot;<code>0X</code>&quot;, &quot;<code>#</code>&quot;, or
     * leading zero) is parsed as by the <code>Long.parseLong</code>
     * method with the indicated radix (10, 16, or 8).  This sequence
     * of characters must represent a positive value or a {@link
     * NumberFormatException} will be thrown.  The result is negated
     * if first character of the specified <code>String</code> is the
     * minus sign.  No whitespace characters are permitted in the
     * <code>String</code>.
     *
     * @param     nm the <code>String</code> to decode.
     * @return    a <code>Long</code> object holding the <code>long</code>
     *		  value represented by <code>nm</code>
     * @exception NumberFormatException  if the <code>String</code> does not
     *            contain a parsable <code>long</code>.
     * @see java.lang.Long#parseLong(String, int)
     * @since 1.2
     */
    public static Long decode(String nm) throws NumberFormatException {
        int radix = 10;
        int index = 0;
        boolean negative = false;
        Long result;

        // Handle minus sign, if present
        if (nm.startsWith("-")) {
            negative = true;
            index++;
        }

        // Handle radix specifier, if present
	if (nm.startsWith("0x", index) || nm.startsWith("0X", index)) {
	    index += 2;
            radix = 16;
	}
	else if (nm.startsWith("#", index)) {
	    index ++;
            radix = 16;
	}
	else if (nm.startsWith("0", index) && nm.length() > 1 + index) {
	    index ++;
            radix = 8;
	}

        if (nm.startsWith("-", index))
            throw new NumberFormatException("Negative sign in wrong position");

        try {
            result = Long.valueOf(nm.substring(index), radix);
            result = negative ? new Long((long)-result.longValue()) : result;
        } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
            // If number is Long.MIN_VALUE, we'll end up here. The next line
            // handles this case, and causes any genuine format error to be
            // rethrown.
            String constant = negative ? new String("-" + nm.substring(index))
                                       : nm.substring(index);
            result = Long.valueOf(constant, radix);
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * The value of the <code>Long</code>.