algo0613.cpp

数据结构 清华严蔚敏c语言版 配套光盘 献给大家

void HuffmanCoding(HuffmanTree &HT, HuffmanCode &HC, int *w, int n) {
  // 算法6.13
  // w存放n个字符的权值(均>0)，构造哈夫曼树HT，
  // 并求出n个字符的哈夫曼编码HC
  int i, j, m, s1,s2;
  char *cd;
  int p;
  int cdlen;

  if (n<=1) return;
  m = 2 * n - 1;
  HT = (HuffmanTree)malloc((m+1) * sizeof(HTNode));   // 0号单元未用
  for (i=1; i<=n; i++) { //初始化
    HT[i].weight=w[i-1];
    HT[i].parent=0;
    HT[i].lchild=0;
    HT[i].rchild=0;
  }
  for (i=n+1; i<=m; i++) { //初始化
    HT[i].weight=0;
    HT[i].parent=0;
    HT[i].lchild=0;
    HT[i].rchild=0;
  }
  printf("\n哈夫曼树的构造过程如下所示：\n");
  printf("HT初态:\n  结点  weight  parent  lchild  rchild");
  for (i=1; i<=m; i++)
     printf("\n%4d%8d%8d%8d%8d",i,HT[i].weight,
            HT[i].parent,HT[i].lchild, HT[i].rchild);
  printf("    按任意键，继续 ...");
  getch();
  for (i=n+1; i<=m; i++) {     // 建哈夫曼树
    // 在HT[1..i-1]中选择parent为0且weight最小的两个结点，
    // 其序号分别为s1和s2。
    Select(HT, i-1, s1, s2);
    HT[s1].parent = i;  HT[s2].parent = i;
    HT[i].lchild = s1;  HT[i].rchild = s2;
    HT[i].weight = HT[s1].weight + HT[s2].weight;
    printf("\nselect: s1=%d   s2=%d\n", s1, s2);
    printf("  结点  weight  parent  lchild  rchild");
    for (j=1; j<=i; j++)
      printf("\n%4d%8d%8d%8d%8d",j,HT[j].weight,
             HT[j].parent,HT[j].lchild, HT[j].rchild);
    printf("    按任意键，继续 ...");
    getch();
  }

 //------无栈非递归遍历哈夫曼树，求哈夫曼编码
  cd = (char *)malloc(n*sizeof(char)); // 分配求编码的工作空间
  p = m;  cdlen = 0;
  for (i=1; i<=m; ++i)  // 遍历哈夫曼树时用作结点状态标志
     HT[i].weight = 0;
  while (p) {
    if (HT[p].weight==0) {               // 向左
      HT[p].weight = 1;
      if (HT[p].lchild != 0) { p = HT[p].lchild;  cd[cdlen++] ='0'; }
      else if (HT[p].rchild == 0) {     // 登记叶子结点的字符的编码
        HC[p] = (char *)malloc((cdlen+1) * sizeof(char));
        cd[cdlen] ='\0';  strcpy(HC[p], cd);    // 复制编码(串)
      }
    } else if (HT[p].weight==1) {        // 向右
      HT[p].weight = 2;
      if (HT[p].rchild != 0) { p = HT[p].rchild;  cd[cdlen++] ='1'; }
    } else {   // HT[p].weight==2，退回退到父结点，编码长度减1
      HT[p].weight = 0; p = HT[p].parent; --cdlen;  
    }
  }
} // HuffmanCoding