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📄 sec6-3.htm

📁 本教程源自中国科学技术大学
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<body bgcolor="#DDFFEE" lang=ZH-TW link=blue vlink=purple style='tab-interval:
21.0pt;text-justify-trim:punctuation'>

<div class=Section1 style='layout-grid:15.6pt'>

<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:15.6pt;mso-para-margin-bottom:
1.0gd;text-align:center'><b><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:22.0pt;
font-family:华文细黑;color:#333399'>模块</span></b><a name="第6_3"></a><b><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:22.0pt;font-family:华文细黑;color:#333399'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'><span lang=ZH-CN>模块也是一种在主程序单元之外独立编写的程序单元。它有独特的形式，即模块程序单元内没有可执行语句。除了说明语句外，最多包含内部过程。模块的主要作用是供其它程序单元引用。一个程序单元如果引用模块，实际上就是把该模块内的全部语句复制到本程序单元中，并且所有与模块中的名字相同的变量等，彼此取值相通、共享存贮单元。所以引用模块起两个作用：共享与复制。</span></p>

<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'><span lang=ZH-CN>如果模块程序单元中包含有内部过程，这些过程也可供其它程序单元使用。</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-top:15.6pt;margin-right:0cm;
margin-bottom:15.6pt;margin-left:0cm;mso-para-margin-top:1.0gd;mso-para-margin-right:
0cm;mso-para-margin-bottom:1.0gd;mso-para-margin-left:0cm;text-align:center'><a
name="第6_3_1"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;
mso-fareast-font-family:楷体_GB2312'>6.3.1</span></a><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:16.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:楷体_GB2312'>
</span><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:16.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:楷体_GB2312;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:red'>数据共享</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:
楷体_GB2312;color:red'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'><span lang=ZH-CN>不同的程序单元是各个分别编译的，编译工作中很重要的一件事是给程序单元中各变量分配内部存贮单元（内存单元）。由于是分别编译的，程序单元</span><span
lang=EN-US>A</span><span lang=ZH-CN>中的变量</span><span lang=EN-US>X</span><span
lang=ZH-CN>所占存贮单元与程序单元</span><span lang=EN-US>B</span><span lang=ZH-CN>中变量</span><span
lang=EN-US>X</span><span lang=ZH-CN>所占存贮单元不可能是在同一个存贮单元中，因此，程序单元中同名的变量名并不能相互传递数值。</span></p>

<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'><span lang=ZH-CN>要想使两个不同的程序单元间的变量相互传递数值有两个办法，一个是哑实结合，一个就是数据共享。</span><b><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-font-family:楷体_GB2312'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p style='margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo2;
tab-stops:list 18.0pt'><a name="第6_3_1a"></a><![if !supportLists]><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:red'><span
style='mso-list:Ignore'>a)<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-family:宋体;
color:red'>共享方式</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体;color:red'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'><span lang=ZH-CN>共享就是让编译系统把两个变量名分配在同一个内存单元中。已知访问一个变量名，实际上就是访问它所分配的内存单元中存贮的值。既然</span><span
lang=EN-US>A</span><span lang=ZH-CN>程序单元中的变量</span><span lang=EN-US>X</span><span
lang=ZH-CN>与</span><span lang=EN-US>B</span><span lang=ZH-CN>程序单元中的变量</span><span
lang=EN-US>Y</span><span lang=ZH-CN>分配在同一存贮单元中，访问</span><span lang=EN-US>X</span><span
lang=ZH-CN>或访问</span><span lang=EN-US>Y</span><span lang=ZH-CN>都是访问同一个内存单元，取得的数也是相同的。</span></p>
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