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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>page_725</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="reset.css" type="text/css" media="all"> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> </head> <body> <table summary="top nav" border="0" width="100%"> <tr> <td align="left" width="30%" style="background: #EEF3E2"><a style="color: blue; font-size: 120%; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-family: verdana;" href="page_724.html">< previous page</a></td> <td align="center" width="40%" style="background: #EEF3E2"><strong style="color: #2F4F4F; font-size: 120%;">page_725</strong></td> <td align="right" width="30%" style="background: #EEF3E2"><a style="color: blue; font-size: 120%; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-family: verdana;" href="page_726.html">next page ></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="3" style="background: #ffffff; padding: 20px;"> <table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="0"><tr><td align="center"> <table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="100%"><tr><td align="left"></td> <td align="right"></td> </tr></table></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><p></p><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%"><tr><td align="right"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="2" color="#FF0000">Page 725</font></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%"><tr><td rowspan="5"><img src="3e26ecb1b6ac508ae10a0e39d2fb98b2.gif" border="0" width="96" height="1" alt="3e26ecb1b6ac508ae10a0e39d2fb98b2.gif" /></td> <td colspan="3" height="12"></td> <td rowspan="5"><img src="3e26ecb1b6ac508ae10a0e39d2fb98b2.gif" border="0" width="96" height="1" alt="3e26ecb1b6ac508ae10a0e39d2fb98b2.gif" /></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" height="2"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"><tr><td></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td></td> <td><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="2">Array A collection of components, all of the same type, ordered on <i>N</i> dimensions (<i>N</i> <u>></u>1). Each component is accessed by <i>N</i> indices, each of which represents the component's position within that dimension.</font></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" height="2"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"><tr><td></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" height="1"></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td rowspan="5"></td> <td colspan="3" height="12"></td> <td rowspan="5"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td></td> <td><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3">You should have guessed from the syntax templates that you can have as many dimensions as you want. How many should you have in a particular case? As many as there are features that describe the components in the array.</font></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" height="1"></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td rowspan="5"></td> <td colspan="3" height="12"></td> <td rowspan="5"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td></td> <td><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3">Take, for example, a chain of department stores. Monthly sales figures must be kept for each item by store. There are three important pieces of information about each item: the month in which it was sold, the store from which it was purchased, and the item number. We can define an array type to summarize these data as follows:</font></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" height="1"></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td rowspan="5"></td> <td colspan="3" height="12"></td> <td rowspan="5"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td></td> <td><font face="Courier New, Courier, Mono New, Courier, Mono" size="2">const聽int聽NUM_ITEMS聽=聽100;<br />const聽int聽NUM_STORES聽=聽10;<br /><br />typedef聽int聽SalesType[NUM_STORES][12][NUM_ITEMS];<br /><br />SalesType聽sales;聽聽聽//聽Array聽of聽sales聽figures<br />int聽聽聽聽聽聽聽item;<br />int聽聽聽聽聽聽聽store;<br />int聽聽聽聽聽聽聽month;<br />int聽聽聽聽聽聽聽numberSold;<br />int聽聽聽聽聽聽聽currentMonth;</font></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" height="1"></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td rowspan="5"></td> <td colspan="3" height="12"></td> <td rowspan="5"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td></td> <td><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3">A graphic representation of the array variable </font><font face="Courier New, Courier, Mono New, Courier, Mono" size="3">sales</font><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3"> is shown in Figure 13-9.</font></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" height="1"></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td rowspan="5"></td> <td colspan="3" height="12"></td> <td rowspan="5"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td></td> <td><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3">The number of components in </font><font face="Courier New, Courier, Mono New, Courier, Mono" size="3">sales</font><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3"> is 12,000 (10 脳 12 脳 100). If sales figures are available only for January through June, then half the array is empty. If we want to process the data in the array, we must use subarray processing. The following program fragment sums and prints the total number of each item sold this year to date by all stores.</font></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" height="1"></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td rowspan="5"></td> <td colspan="3" height="12"></td> <td rowspan="5"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td></td> <td><font face="Courier New, Courier, Mono New, Courier, Mono" size="2">for聽(item聽=聽0;聽item聽<聽NUM_ITEMS;聽item++)<br />{<br />聽聽聽聽numberSold聽=聽0;<br />聽聽聽聽for聽(store聽=聽0;聽store聽<聽NUM_STORES;聽store++)<br />聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽for聽(month聽=聽0;聽month聽<=聽currentMonth;聽month++)<br />聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽numberSold聽=聽numberSold聽+聽sales[store][month][item];<br />聽聽聽聽cout聽<<聽Item聽#聽<<聽item聽<<聽聽Sales聽to聽date聽=聽聽<<聽numberSold<br />聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽<<聽聽endl;<br />}</font></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" height="1"></td></tr></table></td></tr></table><p><font size="0"></font></p>聽 </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" width="30%" style="background: #EEF3E2"><a style="color: blue; font-size: 120%; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-family: verdana;" href="page_724.html">< previous page</a></td> <td align="center" width="40%" style="background: #EEF3E2"><strong style="color: #2F4F4F; font-size: 120%;">page_725</strong></td> <td align="right" width="30%" style="background: #EEF3E2"><a style="color: blue; font-size: 120%; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-family: verdana;" href="page_726.html">next page ></a></td> </tr> </table> </body> </html>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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