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📁 Programming and Problem Solving with C++
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">	<html>		<head>			<title>page_a37</title>			<link rel="stylesheet" href="reset.css" type="text/css" media="all">			<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />		</head>		<body>		<table summary="top nav" border="0" width="100%">			<tr>				<td align="left" width="30%" style="background: #EEF3E2"><a style="color: blue; font-size: 120%; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-family: verdana;" href="page_a36.html">&lt;&nbsp;previous page</a></td>				<td align="center" width="40%" style="background: #EEF3E2"><strong style="color: #2F4F4F; font-size: 120%;">page_a37</strong></td>				<td align="right" width="30%" style="background: #EEF3E2"><a style="color: blue; font-size: 120%; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-family: verdana;" href="page_a38.html">next page&nbsp;&gt;</a></td>			</tr>					<tr>				<td align="left" colspan="3" style="background: #ffffff; padding: 20px;">    <table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="0"><tr><td align="center">  <table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="100%"><tr><td align="left"></td>  <td align="right"></td>  </tr></table></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><p></p><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%"><tr><td align="right"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="2" color="#FF0000">Page A37</font></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td rowspan="5"></td>  <td colspan="3" height="12"></td>  <td rowspan="5"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td></td>  <td><font face="Courier New, Courier, Mono New, Courier, Mono" size="2">hypotenuse聽=聽sqrt(a*a聽+聽b*b);</font></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" height="1"></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td rowspan="5"></td>  <td colspan="3" height="12"></td>  <td rowspan="5"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td></td>  <td><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3"><i>Indentation</i></font></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" height="1"></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td rowspan="5"></td>  <td colspan="3" height="12"></td>  <td rowspan="5"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td></td>  <td><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3">The purpose of indenting statements in a program is to provide visual cues to the reader and to make the program easier to debug. When a program is properly indented, the way the statements are grouped is immediately obvious. Compare the following two program fragments:</font></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" height="1"></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td rowspan="5"></td>  <td colspan="3" height="12"></td>  <td rowspan="5"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td></td>  <td><font face="Courier New, Courier, Mono New, Courier, Mono" size="2">while聽(count聽&lt;=聽10)聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽while聽(count聽&lt;=聽10)<br />{聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽{<br />cin聽&gt;&gt;聽num;聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽cin聽&gt;&gt;聽num;<br />if聽(num聽==聽0)聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽if聽(num聽==聽0)<br />{聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽{<br />count++;聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽count++;<br />num聽=聽1;聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽num聽=聽1;<br />}聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽}<br />cout聽&lt;&lt;聽num聽&lt;&lt;聽endl;聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽cout聽&lt;&lt;聽num聽&lt;&lt;聽endl;<br />cout聽&lt;&lt;聽count聽&lt;&lt;聽endl;聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽cout聽&lt;&lt;聽count聽&lt;&lt;聽endl;<br />}聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽}</font></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" height="1"></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td rowspan="5"></td>  <td colspan="3" height="12"></td>  <td rowspan="5"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td></td>  <td><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3">As a basic rule in this text, each nested or lower-level item is indented by four spaces. Exceptions to this rule are formal parameters and statements that are split across two or more lines. Indenting by four spaces is a matter of personal preference. Some people prefer to indent by three, five, or even more than five spaces.</font></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" height="1"></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td rowspan="5"></td>  <td colspan="3" height="12"></td>  <td rowspan="5"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td></td>  <td><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3">In this book, we indent the entire body of a function. Also, in general, any statement that is part of another statement is indented. For example, the If-Then-Else contains two parts, the then-clause and the else-clause. The statements within both clauses are indented four spaces beyond the beginning of the If-Then-Else statement. The If-Then statement is indented like the If-Then-Else, except that there is no else-clause. Here are examples of the If-Then-Else and the If-Then:</font></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" height="1"></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td rowspan="5"></td>  <td colspan="3" height="12"></td>  <td rowspan="5"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td></td>  <td><font face="Courier New, Courier, Mono New, Courier, Mono" size="2">if聽(sex聽==聽MALE)<br />{<br />聽聽聽聽maleSalary聽=聽maleSalary聽+聽salary;<br />聽聽聽聽maleCount++;<br />}<br />else<br />聽聽聽聽femaleSalary聽=聽femaleSalary聽+聽salary;<br /><br />if聽(count聽&gt;聽0)<br />聽聽聽聽average聽=聽total聽/聽count;</font></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" height="1"></td></tr></table></td></tr></table><p><font size="0"></font></p>聽  </td>			</tr>				<tr>				<td align="left" width="30%" style="background: #EEF3E2"><a style="color: blue; font-size: 120%; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-family: verdana;" href="page_a36.html">&lt;&nbsp;previous page</a></td>				<td align="center" width="40%" style="background: #EEF3E2"><strong style="color: #2F4F4F; font-size: 120%;">page_a37</strong></td>				<td align="right" width="30%" style="background: #EEF3E2"><a style="color: blue; font-size: 120%; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-family: verdana;" href="page_a38.html">next page&nbsp;&gt;</a></td>			</tr>		</table>		</body>	</html>
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