page_xxvi.html

Programming and Problem Solving with C++

</tr><tr><td colspan="3" height="1"></td>
</tr></table></td><td valign="top"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%"><tr><td rowspan="5"></td>
  <td colspan="3" height="12"></td>
  <td rowspan="5"></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td>
</tr><tr><td></td>
  <td align="right"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3">522</font><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3"></font></td>
<td></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3" height="1"></td>
</tr></table></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td rowspan="5"><img src="3e26ecb1b6ac508ae10a0e39d2fb98b2.gif" border="0" width="72" height="1" alt="3e26ecb1b6ac508ae10a0e39d2fb98b2.gif" /></td>
  <td colspan="3" height="12"></td>
  <td rowspan="5"></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td>
</tr><tr><td></td>
  <td><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3">Comparing Characters</font></td>
<td></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3" height="1"></td>
</tr></table></td><td valign="top"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%"><tr><td rowspan="5"></td>
  <td colspan="3" height="12"></td>
  <td rowspan="5"></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td>
</tr><tr><td></td>
  <td align="right"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3">522</font><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3"></font></td>
<td></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3" height="1"></td>
</tr></table></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td rowspan="5"><img src="3e26ecb1b6ac508ae10a0e39d2fb98b2.gif" border="0" width="72" height="1" alt="3e26ecb1b6ac508ae10a0e39d2fb98b2.gif" /></td>
  <td colspan="3" height="12"></td>
  <td rowspan="5"></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td>
</tr><tr><td></td>
  <td><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3">Converting Digit Characters to Integers</font></td>
<td></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3" height="1"></td>
</tr></table></td><td valign="top"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%"><tr><td rowspan="5"></td>
  <td colspan="3" height="12"></td>
  <td rowspan="5"></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td>
</tr><tr><td></td>
  <td align="right"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3">523</font><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3"></font></td>
<td></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3" height="1"></td>
</tr></table></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td rowspan="5"><img src="3e26ecb1b6ac508ae10a0e39d2fb98b2.gif" border="0" width="72" height="1" alt="3e26ecb1b6ac508ae10a0e39d2fb98b2.gif" /></td>
  <td colspan="3" height="12"></td>
  <td rowspan="5"></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td>
</tr><tr><td></td>
  <td><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3">Converting to Lowercase and Uppercase</font></td>
<td></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3" height="1"></td>
</tr></table></td><td valign="top"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%"><tr><td rowspan="5"></td>
  <td colspan="3" height="12"></td>
  <td rowspan="5"></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td>
</tr><tr><td></td>
  <td align="right"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3">524</font><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3"></font></td>
<td></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3" height="1"></td>
</tr></table></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td rowspan="5"><img src="3e26ecb1b6ac508ae10a0e39d2fb98b2.gif" border="0" width="24" height="1" alt="3e26ecb1b6ac508ae10a0e39d2fb98b2.gif" /></td>
  <td colspan="3" height="12"></td>
  <td rowspan="5"></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td>
</tr><tr><td></td>
  <td><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3">More on Floating Point Numbers</font></td>
<td></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3" height="1"></td>
</tr></table></td><td valign="top"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%"><tr><td rowspan="5"></td>
  <td colspan="3" height="12"></td>
  <td rowspan="5"></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td>
</tr><tr><td></td>
  <td align="right"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3">526</font><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3"></font></td>
<td></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3" height="1"></td>
</tr></table></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td rowspan="5"><img src="3e26ecb1b6ac508ae10a0e39d2fb98b2.gif" border="0" width="48" height="1" alt="3e26ecb1b6ac508ae10a0e39d2fb98b2.gif" /></td>
  <td colspan="3" height="12"></td>
  <td rowspan="5"></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td>
</tr><tr><td></td>
  <td><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3">Representation of Floating Point Numbers</font></td>
<td></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3" height="1"></td>
</tr></table></td><td valign="top"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%"><tr><td rowspan="5"></td>
  <td colspan="3" height="12"></td>
  <td rowspan="5"></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td>
</tr><tr><td></td>
  <td align="right"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3">526</font><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3"></font></td>
<td></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3" height="1"></td>
</tr></table></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td rowspan="5"><img src="3e26ecb1b6ac508ae10a0e39d2fb98b2.gif" border="0" width="48" height="1" alt="3e26ecb1b6ac508ae10a0e39d2fb98b2.gif" /></td>
  <td colspan="3" height="12"></td>
  <td rowspan="5"></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td>
</tr><tr><td></td>
  <td><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3">Arithmetic with Floating Point Numbers</font></td>
<td></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3" height="1"></td>
</tr></table></td><td valign="top"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%"><tr><td rowspan="5"></td>
  <td colspan="3" height="12"></td>
  <td rowspan="5"></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td>
</tr><tr><td></td>
  <td align="right"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3">528</font><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3"></font></td>
<td></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3" height="1"></td>
</tr></table></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td rowspan="5"><img src="3e26ecb1b6ac508ae10a0e39d2fb98b2.gif" border="0" width="48" height="1" alt="3e26ecb1b6ac508ae10a0e39d2fb98b2.gif" /></td>
  <td colspan="3" height="12"></td>
  <td rowspan="5"></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td>
</tr><tr><td></td>
  <td><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3">Implementation of Floating Point Numbers in the Computer</font></td>
<td></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3" height="1"></td>
</tr></table></td><td valign="top"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%"><tr><td rowspan="5"></td>
  <td colspan="3" height="12"></td>
  <td rowspan="5"></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td>
</tr><tr><td></td>
  <td align="right"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3">530</font><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3"></font></td>
<td></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3" height="1"></td>
</tr></table></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td rowspan="5"><img src="3e26ecb1b6ac508ae10a0e39d2fb98b2.gif" border="0" width="72" height="1" alt="3e26ecb1b6ac508ae10a0e39d2fb98b2.gif" /></td>
  <td colspan="3" height="12"></td>
  <td rowspan="5"></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td>
</tr><tr><td></td>
  <td><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3">Underflow and Overflow</font></td>
<td></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3" height="1"></td>
</tr></table></td><td valign="top"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%"><tr><td rowspan="5"></td>
  <td colspan="3" height="12"></td>
  <td rowspan="5"></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td>
</tr><tr><td></td>
  <td align="right"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3">531</font><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3"></font></td>
<td></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3" height="1"></td>
</tr></table></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td rowspan="5"><img src="3e26ecb1b6ac508ae10a0e39d2fb98b2.gif" border="0" width="72" height="1" alt="3e26ecb1b6ac508ae10a0e39d2fb98b2.gif" /></td>
  <td colspan="3" height="12"></td>
  <td rowspan="5"></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td>
</tr><tr><td></td>
  <td><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3">Cancellation Error</font></td>
<td></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3" height="1"></td>
</tr></table></td><td valign="top"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%"><tr><td rowspan="5"></td>
  <td colspan="3" height="12"></td>
  <td rowspan="5"></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td>
</tr><tr><td></td>
  <td align="right"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3">532</font><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3"></font></td>
<td></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3" height="1"></td>
</tr></table></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td rowspan="5"><img src="3e26ecb1b6ac508ae10a0e39d2fb98b2.gif" border="0" width="48" height="1" alt="3e26ecb1b6ac508ae10a0e39d2fb98b2.gif" /></td>
  <td colspan="3" height="12"></td>
  <td rowspan="5"></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td>
</tr><tr><td></td>
  <td><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3">Software Engineering Tip: Choosing a Numeric Data Type</font></td>
<td></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3" height="1"></td>
</tr></table></td><td valign="top"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%"><tr><td rowspan="5"></td>
  <td colspan="3" height="12"></td>
  <td rowspan="5"></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td>
</tr><tr><td></td>
  <td align="right"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3">533</font><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3"></font></td>
<td></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3" height="1"></td>
</tr></table></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td rowspan="5"><img src="3e26ecb1b6ac508ae10a0e39d2fb98b2.gif" border="0" width="48" height="1" alt="3e26ecb1b6ac508ae10a0e39d2fb98b2.gif" /></td>
  <td colspan="3" height="12"></td>
  <td rowspan="5"></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td>
</tr><tr><td></td>
  <td><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3">Background Information: Practical Implications of Limited Precision</font></td>
<td></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3" height="1"></td>
</tr></table></td><td valign="top"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%"><tr><td rowspan="5"></td>
  <td colspan="3" height="12"></td>
  <td rowspan="5"></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td>
</tr><tr><td></td>
  <td align="right"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3">534</font><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3"></font></td>
<td></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3" height="1"></td>
</tr></table></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td rowspan="5"><img src="3e26ecb1b6ac508ae10a0e39d2fb98b2.gif" border="0" width="24" height="1" alt="3e26ecb1b6ac508ae10a0e39d2fb98b2.gif" /></td>
  <td colspan="3" height="12"></td>
  <td rowspan="5"></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td>
</tr><tr><td></td>
  <td><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3">User-Defined Simple Types</font></td>
<td></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3" height="1"></td>
</tr></table></td><td valign="top"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%"><tr><td rowspan="5"></td>
  <td colspan="3" height="12"></td>
  <td rowspan="5"></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td>
</tr><tr><td></td>
  <td align="right"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3">534</font><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3"></font></td>
<td></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3" height="1"></td>
</tr></table></td></tr><tr><td valign="top"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td rowspan="5"><img src="3e26ecb1b6ac508ae10a0e39d2fb98b2.gif" border="0" width="48" height="1" alt="3e26ecb1b6ac508ae10a0e39d2fb98b2.gif" /></td>
  <td colspan="3" height="12"></td>
  <td rowspan="5"></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td>
</tr><tr><td></td>
  <td><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3">The Typedef Statement</font></td>
<td></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td>