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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>page_421</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="reset.css" type="text/css" media="all"> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> </head> <body> <table summary="top nav" border="0" width="100%"> <tr> <td align="left" width="30%" style="background: #EEF3E2"><a style="color: blue; font-size: 120%; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-family: verdana;" href="page_420.html">< previous page</a></td> <td align="center" width="40%" style="background: #EEF3E2"><strong style="color: #2F4F4F; font-size: 120%;">page_421</strong></td> <td align="right" width="30%" style="background: #EEF3E2"><a style="color: blue; font-size: 120%; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-family: verdana;" href="page_422.html">next page ></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="3" style="background: #ffffff; padding: 20px;"> <table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="0"><tr><td align="center"> <table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="100%"><tr><td align="left"></td> <td align="right"></td> </tr></table></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><p></p><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%"><tr><td align="right"><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="2" color="#FF0000">Page 421</font></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td rowspan="5"></td> <td colspan="3" height="12"></td> <td rowspan="5"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td></td> <td><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3">Lets not code these modules as functions but, instead, put each line of code into the level above. The resulting module structure chart consists of three levels rather than four.</font></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" height="1"></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td rowspan="5"></td> <td colspan="3" height="12"></td> <td rowspan="5"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td></td> <td><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3">Module Structure Chart:</font></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" height="1"></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td rowspan="5"></td> <td colspan="3" height="12"></td> <td rowspan="5"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td></td> <td><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3">Here is the module structure chart for the Transpose program. The chart emphasizes the importance of interface design. The arrows indicate which identifiers are received or returned by each module.</font></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" height="1"></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td rowspan="5"></td> <td colspan="3" height="12"></td> <td rowspan="5"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td></td> <td><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3"><img src="078c89125c38e9a93b67f0731e3df771.gif" border="0" alt="0421-01.gif" width="296" height="183" /></font></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" height="1"></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td rowspan="5"></td> <td colspan="3" height="12"></td> <td rowspan="5"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td></td> <td><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3">According to the structure chart, we have four modules to implement as C++ functions. In addition to </font><font face="Courier New, Courier, Mono New, Courier, Mono" size="3">main</font><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3">, let's name the functions </font><font face="Courier New, Courier, Mono New, Courier, Mono" size="3">PrintLast</font><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3">, </font><font face="Courier New, Courier, Mono New, Courier, Mono" size="3">FindLast</font><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3">, and </font><font face="Courier New, Courier, Mono New, Courier, Mono" size="3">PrintName</font><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3">. Before coding the problem, we should clearly spell out the function interfaces. Each interface mentions references to global variables (normally, only </font><font face="Courier New, Courier, Mono New, Courier, Mono" size="3">cin</font><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3"> and </font><font face="Courier New, Courier, Mono New, Courier, Mono" size="3">cout</font><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3">).</font></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" height="1"></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td rowspan="5"><img src="3e26ecb1b6ac508ae10a0e39d2fb98b2.gif" border="0" width="0" height="1" alt="3e26ecb1b6ac508ae10a0e39d2fb98b2.gif" /></td> <td colspan="3" height="12"></td> <td rowspan="5"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td></td> <td><font face="Courier New, Courier, Mono New, Courier, Mono" size="3">main:</font><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3"> Calls </font><font face="Courier New, Courier, Mono New, Courier, Mono" size="3">PrintLast</font><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3">. No parameters are passed between </font><font face="Courier New, Courier, Mono New, Courier, Mono" size="3">main</font><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3"> and </font><font face="Courier New, Courier, Mono New, Courier, Mono" size="3">PrintLast</font><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3">. Reads from </font><font face="Courier New, Courier, Mono New, Courier, Mono" size="3">cin</font><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3"> and writes to </font><font face="Courier New, Courier, Mono New, Courier, Mono" size="3">cout</font><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3">.</font></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" height="1"></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td rowspan="5"><img src="3e26ecb1b6ac508ae10a0e39d2fb98b2.gif" border="0" width="0" height="1" alt="3e26ecb1b6ac508ae10a0e39d2fb98b2.gif" /></td> <td colspan="3" height="12"></td> <td rowspan="5"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td></td> <td><font face="Courier New, Courier, Mono New, Courier, Mono" size="3">PrintLast:</font><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3"> Is called by </font><font face="Courier New, Courier, Mono New, Courier, Mono" size="3">main</font><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3">. Calls </font><font face="Courier New, Courier, Mono New, Courier, Mono" size="3">FindLast</font><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3"> and </font><font face="Courier New, Courier, Mono New, Courier, Mono" size="3">PrintName</font><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3">. Returns nothing to </font><font face="Courier New, Courier, Mono New, Courier, Mono" size="3">main</font><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3"> (no formal parameters). Must obtain the first character of the last name from </font><font face="Courier New, Courier, Mono New, Courier, Mono" size="3">FindLast</font><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3"> (actual parameter). Must pass the first character of the last name to </font><font face="Courier New, Courier, Mono New, Courier, Mono" size="3">PrintName</font><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3"> (actual parameter).</font></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" height="1"></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td rowspan="5"><img src="3e26ecb1b6ac508ae10a0e39d2fb98b2.gif" border="0" width="0" height="1" alt="3e26ecb1b6ac508ae10a0e39d2fb98b2.gif" /></td> <td colspan="3" height="12"></td> <td rowspan="5"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td></td> <td><font face="Courier New, Courier, Mono New, Courier, Mono" size="3">FindLast:</font><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3">聽Is聽called聽by聽$csPrintLast. Returns the first character of the last name to </font><font face="Courier New, Courier, Mono New, Courier, Mono" size="3">PrintLast</font><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3"> (formal reference parameter). Reads from </font><font face="Courier New, Courier, Mono New, Courier, Mono" size="3">cin</font><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3">.</font></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" height="1"></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td rowspan="5"><img src="3e26ecb1b6ac508ae10a0e39d2fb98b2.gif" border="0" width="0" height="1" alt="3e26ecb1b6ac508ae10a0e39d2fb98b2.gif" /></td> <td colspan="3" height="12"></td> <td rowspan="5"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td></td> <td><font face="Courier New, Courier, Mono New, Courier, Mono" size="3">PrintName:</font><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3"> Is called by </font><font face="Courier New, Courier, Mono New, Courier, Mono" size="3">PrintLast</font><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3">. Receives the first character of the last name from </font><font face="Courier New, Courier, Mono New, Courier, Mono" size="3">PrintLast</font><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3"> (formal value parameter). Reads from </font><font face="Courier New, Courier, Mono New, Courier, Mono" size="3">cin</font><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3"> and writes to </font><font face="Courier New, Courier, Mono New, Courier, Mono" size="3">cout</font><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3">. Returns nothing.</font></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" height="1"></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td rowspan="5"></td> <td colspan="3" height="12"></td> <td rowspan="5"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td></td> <td><font face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size="3">This design is only one of many ways in which to structure the solution. In fact, it has some flaws. After presenting the C++ program, we discuss ways of improving the design.</font></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" height="1"></td></tr></table></td></tr></table><p><font size="0"></font></p>聽 </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" width="30%" style="background: #EEF3E2"><a style="color: blue; font-size: 120%; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-family: verdana;" href="page_420.html">< previous page</a></td> <td align="center" width="40%" style="background: #EEF3E2"><strong style="color: #2F4F4F; font-size: 120%;">page_421</strong></td> <td align="right" width="30%" style="background: #EEF3E2"><a style="color: blue; font-size: 120%; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-family: verdana;" href="page_422.html">next page ></a></td> </tr> </table> </body> </html>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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