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<BR> <HR><a href="msgs0.htm#2" tppabs="http://www.dit.hcmut.edu.vn/books/system/par_anl/tppmsgs/msgs0.htm#2"><img ALIGN=MIDDLE src="asm_color_tiny.gif" tppabs="http://www.dit.hcmut.edu.vn/books/system/par_anl/asm_color_tiny.gif" alt="[DBPP]"></a> <A NAME=tex2html3225 HREF="node104.html" tppabs="http://www.dit.hcmut.edu.vn/books/system/par_anl/node104.html"><IMG ALIGN=MIDDLE ALT="previous" SRC="previous_motif.gif" tppabs="http://www.dit.hcmut.edu.vn/books/system/par_anl/previous_motif.gif"></A> <A NAME=tex2html3231 HREF="node106.html" tppabs="http://www.dit.hcmut.edu.vn/books/system/par_anl/node106.html"><IMG ALIGN=MIDDLE ALT="next" SRC="next_motif.gif" tppabs="http://www.dit.hcmut.edu.vn/books/system/par_anl/next_motif.gif"></A> <A NAME=tex2html3229 HREF="node94.html" tppabs="http://www.dit.hcmut.edu.vn/books/system/par_anl/node94.html"><IMG ALIGN=MIDDLE ALT="up" SRC="up_motif.gif" tppabs="http://www.dit.hcmut.edu.vn/books/system/par_anl/up_motif.gif"></A> <A NAME=tex2html3233 HREF="node1.html" tppabs="http://www.dit.hcmut.edu.vn/books/system/par_anl/node1.html"><IMG ALIGN=MIDDLE ALT="contents" SRC="contents_motif.gif" tppabs="http://www.dit.hcmut.edu.vn/books/system/par_anl/contents_motif.gif"></A> <A NAME=tex2html3234 HREF="node133.html" tppabs="http://www.dit.hcmut.edu.vn/books/system/par_anl/node133.html"><IMG ALIGN=MIDDLE ALT="index" SRC="index_motif.gif" tppabs="http://www.dit.hcmut.edu.vn/books/system/par_anl/index_motif.gif"></A> <a href="msgs0.htm#3" tppabs="http://www.dit.hcmut.edu.vn/books/system/par_anl/tppmsgs/msgs0.htm#3"><img ALIGN=MIDDLE src="search_motif.gif" tppabs="http://www.dit.hcmut.edu.vn/books/system/par_anl/search_motif.gif" alt="[Search]"></a> <BR>
<B> Next:</B> <A NAME=tex2html3232 HREF="node106.html" tppabs="http://www.dit.hcmut.edu.vn/books/system/par_anl/node106.html">9 Performance Tools</A>
<B>Up:</B> <A NAME=tex2html3230 HREF="node94.html" tppabs="http://www.dit.hcmut.edu.vn/books/system/par_anl/node94.html">8 Message Passing Interface</A>
<B> Previous:</B> <A NAME=tex2html3226 HREF="node104.html" tppabs="http://www.dit.hcmut.edu.vn/books/system/par_anl/node104.html"> Exercises</A>
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<H1><A NAME=SECTION035110000000000000000> Chapter Notes</A></H1>
<P>
Message-passing functions were incorporated in specialized libraries
developed for early distributed-memory computers such as the Cosmic
<A NAME=13773> </A>
Cube [<A HREF="node132.html#Cosmic" tppabs="http://www.dit.hcmut.edu.vn/books/system/par_anl/node132.html#Cosmic">254</A>], iPSC [<A HREF="node132.html#NX2" tppabs="http://www.dit.hcmut.edu.vn/books/system/par_anl/node132.html#NX2">227</A>], and nCUBE [<A HREF="node132.html#Vertex" tppabs="http://www.dit.hcmut.edu.vn/books/system/par_anl/node132.html#Vertex">211</A>].
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Subsequent developments emphasized portability across different
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computers and explored the functionality required in message-passing
<A NAME=13779> </A>
systems. Systems such as Express [<A HREF="node132.html#express" tppabs="http://www.dit.hcmut.edu.vn/books/system/par_anl/node132.html#express">219</A>],
<A NAME=13781> </A>
p4 [<A HREF="node132.html#p4article" tppabs="http://www.dit.hcmut.edu.vn/books/system/par_anl/node132.html#p4article">44</A>,<A HREF="node132.html#p4book" tppabs="http://www.dit.hcmut.edu.vn/books/system/par_anl/node132.html#p4book">194</A>], PICL [<A HREF="node132.html#PICL" tppabs="http://www.dit.hcmut.edu.vn/books/system/par_anl/node132.html#PICL">118</A>],
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PARMACS [<A HREF="node132.html#parmacs1" tppabs="http://www.dit.hcmut.edu.vn/books/system/par_anl/node132.html#parmacs1">143</A>,<A HREF="node132.html#parmacs2" tppabs="http://www.dit.hcmut.edu.vn/books/system/par_anl/node132.html#parmacs2">144</A>], and PVM [<A HREF="node132.html#PVM1" tppabs="http://www.dit.hcmut.edu.vn/books/system/par_anl/node132.html#PVM1">275</A>] all run on a
<A NAME=13787> </A>
variety of homogeneous and heterogeneous systems. Each focused on a
<A NAME=13788> </A>
different set of issues, with the commercially supported Express and
PARMACS systems providing the most extensive functionality, p4
integrating shared-memory support, PICL incorporating instrumentation,
and PVM permitting dynamic process creation. A special issue of <em>
Parallel Computing
</em> includes articles on many of these
systems [<A HREF="node132.html#PCissue" tppabs="http://www.dit.hcmut.edu.vn/books/system/par_anl/node132.html#PCissue">196</A>].
<P>
An unfortunate consequence of this exploration was that although
various vendor-supplied and portable systems provided similar
functionality, syntactic differences and numerous minor
incompatibilities made it difficult to port applications from one
computer to another. This situation was resolved in 1993 with the
<A NAME=13791> </A>
formation of the Message Passing Interface Forum, a consortium of
industrial, academic, and governmental organizations interested
in standardization [<A HREF="node132.html#mpi1" tppabs="http://www.dit.hcmut.edu.vn/books/system/par_anl/node132.html#mpi1">203</A>]. This group produced the MPI
specification in early 1994. MPI incorporates ideas developed
<A NAME=13793> </A>
previously in a range of systems, notably p4, Express, PICL, and
PARMACS. An important innovation is the use of communicators to
support modular design. This feature builds on ideas previously
<A NAME=13794> </A>
explored in Zipcode [<A HREF="node132.html#zipcode" tppabs="http://www.dit.hcmut.edu.vn/books/system/par_anl/node132.html#zipcode">266</A>], CHIMP [<A HREF="node132.html#chimp1" tppabs="http://www.dit.hcmut.edu.vn/books/system/par_anl/node132.html#chimp1">90</A>,<A HREF="node132.html#chimp2" tppabs="http://www.dit.hcmut.edu.vn/books/system/par_anl/node132.html#chimp2">91</A>], and
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research systems at IBM Yorktown [<A HREF="node132.html#IBMreport1" tppabs="http://www.dit.hcmut.edu.vn/books/system/par_anl/node132.html#IBMreport1">24</A>,<A HREF="node132.html#IBMreport2" tppabs="http://www.dit.hcmut.edu.vn/books/system/par_anl/node132.html#IBMreport2">25</A>].
<P>
The presentation of MPI provided in this chapter is intended to be
self-contained. Nevertheless, space constraints have prevented
inclusion of its more complex features. The MPI standard provides a
detailed technical description [<A HREF="node132.html#mpi" tppabs="http://www.dit.hcmut.edu.vn/books/system/par_anl/node132.html#mpi">202</A>]. Gropp, Lusk, and
Skjellum [<A HREF="node132.html#GLS94" tppabs="http://www.dit.hcmut.edu.vn/books/system/par_anl/node132.html#GLS94">126</A>] provide an excellent, more accessible tutorial
text that includes not only a description of MPI but also material on
the development of SPMD libraries and on MPI implementation.
<P>
<P>
Here is a
<A HREF="msgs0.htm#15" tppabs="http://www.dit.hcmut.edu.vn/books/system/par_anl/tppmsgs/msgs0.htm#15">Web Tour</A>
providing access to additional information on programming in MPI,
including public domain implementations, a tutorial, and example
programs.
<P>
<A NAME=13807> </A>
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<B> Next:</B> <A NAME=tex2html3232 HREF="node106.html" tppabs="http://www.dit.hcmut.edu.vn/books/system/par_anl/node106.html">9 Performance Tools</A>
<B>Up:</B> <A NAME=tex2html3230 HREF="node94.html" tppabs="http://www.dit.hcmut.edu.vn/books/system/par_anl/node94.html">8 Message Passing Interface</A>
<B> Previous:</B> <A NAME=tex2html3226 HREF="node104.html" tppabs="http://www.dit.hcmut.edu.vn/books/system/par_anl/node104.html"> Exercises</A>
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<I>© Copyright 1995 by <A href="msgs0.htm#6" tppabs="http://www.dit.hcmut.edu.vn/books/system/par_anl/tppmsgs/msgs0.htm#6">Ian Foster</a></I>
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