aural.html

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</dl>

<div class="example"><P style="display:none">Example(s):</P><P>

<pre>
H1 { voice-family: announcer, male }
P.part.romeo  { voice-family: romeo, male }
P.part.juliet { voice-family: juliet, female }
</pre>
</div>

<p>Names of specific voices may be quoted, and indeed must be quoted
if any of the words that make up the name does not conform to the
syntax rules for <a
href="syndata.html#tokenization">identifiers</a>. It is also
recommended to quote specific voices with a name consisting of more
than one word. If quoting is omitted, any <a
href="syndata.html#whitespace">whitespace</a> characters before and
after the font name are ignored and any sequence of whitespace
characters inside the font name is converted to a single space.

<div class="propdef">
<dl><dt>
<span class="index-def" title="'pitch'"><a name="propdef-pitch" class="propdef-title"><strong>'pitch'</strong></a></span>
<dd>
<table class="propinfo" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0>
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Value:</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<td><a href="syndata.html#value-def-frequency" class="noxref"><span class="value-inst-frequency">&lt;frequency&gt;</span></a> | x-low | low | medium | high | x-high | <a href="cascade.html#value-def-inherit" class="noxref"><span class="value-inst-inherit">inherit</span></a>
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Initial:</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>medium
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Applies to:</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>all elements
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Inherited:</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>yes
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Percentages:</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>N/A
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Media:</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<td><a href="media.html#aural-media-group" class="noxref">aural</a>
</table>
</dl>
</div>


<p>Specifies the average pitch (a frequency) of the speaking voice.  The
average pitch of a voice depends on the voice family.  For example,
the average pitch for a standard male voice is around 120Hz,
but for a female voice, it's around 210Hz.</p>

<P>Values have the following meanings:</P>

<dl>
<dt><span class="index-inst" title="&lt;frequency&gt;"><a name="x31" href="syndata.html#value-def-frequency" class="noxref"><span class="value-inst-frequency"><strong>&lt;frequency&gt;</strong></span></a></span>
<dd>Specifies the average pitch of the speaking voice in hertz (Hz).
<dt><strong>x-low</strong>, <strong>low</strong>,
<strong>medium</strong>, <strong>high</strong>, <strong>x-high</strong>
<dd>These values do not map to absolute frequencies since
these values depend on the voice family. User agents should map
these values to appropriate frequencies based on the voice family
and user environment. However, user agents must map these values in
order (i.e., 'x-low' is a lower frequency than 'low', etc.).
</dl>


<div class="propdef">
<dl><dt>
<span class="index-def" title="'pitch-range'"><a name="propdef-pitch-range" class="propdef-title"><strong>'pitch-range'</strong></a></span>
<dd>
<table class="propinfo" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0>
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Value:</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<td><a href="syndata.html#value-def-number" class="noxref"><span class="value-inst-number">&lt;number&gt;</span></a> | <a href="cascade.html#value-def-inherit" class="noxref"><span class="value-inst-inherit">inherit</span></a>
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Initial:</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>50
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Applies to:</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>all elements
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Inherited:</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>yes
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Percentages:</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>N/A
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Media:</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<td><a href="media.html#aural-media-group" class="noxref">aural</a>
</table>
</dl>
</div>


<p>Specifies variation in average pitch.  The perceived pitch of a
human voice is determined by the fundamental frequency and typically
has a value of 120Hz for a male voice and 210Hz for a female voice.
Human languages are spoken with varying inflection and pitch; these
variations convey additional meaning and emphasis.  Thus, a highly
animated voice, i.e., one that is heavily inflected, displays a high
pitch range. This property specifies the range over which these
variations occur, i.e., how much the fundamental frequency may deviate
from the average pitch.

<P>Values have the following meanings:</p>

<dl>
<dt><span class="index-inst" title="&lt;number&gt;"><a name="x33" href="syndata.html#value-def-number" class="noxref"><span class="value-inst-number"><strong>&lt;number&gt;</strong></span></a></span>
<dd>A value between '0' and '100'. A pitch range of '0' produces
a flat, monotonic voice. A pitch range of 50 produces normal
inflection.  Pitch ranges greater than 50 produce animated voices.
</dl>


<div class="propdef">
<dl><dt>
<span class="index-def" title="'stress'"><a name="propdef-stress" class="propdef-title"><strong>'stress'</strong></a></span>
<dd>
<table class="propinfo" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0>
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Value:</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<td><a href="syndata.html#value-def-number" class="noxref"><span class="value-inst-number">&lt;number&gt;</span></a> | <a href="cascade.html#value-def-inherit" class="noxref"><span class="value-inst-inherit">inherit</span></a>
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Initial:</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>50
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Applies to:</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>all elements
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Inherited:</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>yes
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Percentages:</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>N/A
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Media:</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<td><a href="media.html#aural-media-group" class="noxref">aural</a>
</table>
</dl>
</div>


<p>Specifies the height of "local peaks" in the intonation contour
of a voice. For example, English is a <strong>stressed</strong>
language, and different parts of a sentence are assigned primary,
secondary, or tertiary stress. The value of <a href="aural.html#propdef-stress" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-stress">'stress'</span></a> controls the amount of
inflection that results from these stress markers.  This property is a
companion to the <a href="aural.html#propdef-pitch-range" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-pitch-range">'pitch-range'</span></a> property and is
provided to allow developers to exploit higher-end auditory displays.

<P>Values have the following meanings:</p>

<dl>
<dt><span class="index-inst" title="&lt;number&gt;"><a name="x35" href="syndata.html#value-def-number" class="noxref"><span class="value-inst-number"><strong>&lt;number&gt;</strong></span></a></span>
<dd>A value, between '0' and '100'. The meaning of values
depends on the language being spoken. For example,
a level of '50' for a
standard, English-speaking male voice (average pitch = 122Hz), speaking
with normal intonation and emphasis would have a different
meaning than '50' for an Italian voice.
</dl>

<div class="propdef">
<dl><dt>
<span class="index-def" title="'richness'"><a name="propdef-richness" class="propdef-title"><strong>'richness'</strong></a></span>
<dd>
<table class="propinfo" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0>
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Value:</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<td><a href="syndata.html#value-def-number" class="noxref"><span class="value-inst-number">&lt;number&gt;</span></a> | <a href="cascade.html#value-def-inherit" class="noxref"><span class="value-inst-inherit">inherit</span></a>
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Initial:</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>50
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Applies to:</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>all elements
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Inherited:</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>yes
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Percentages:</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>N/A
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Media:</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<td><a href="media.html#aural-media-group" class="noxref">aural</a>
</table>
</dl>
</div>


<P>Specifies the richness, or brightness, of the speaking voice.  A
rich voice will "carry" in a large room, a smooth voice will not.
(The term "smooth" refers to how the wave form looks when drawn.)

<P>Values have the following meanings:</p>

<dl>
<dt><span class="index-inst" title="&lt;number&gt;"><a name="x37" href="syndata.html#value-def-number" class="noxref"><span class="value-inst-number"><strong>&lt;number&gt;</strong></span></a></span>
<dd>A value between '0' and '100'.
The higher the value, the more the voice will carry.
A lower value will produce a soft, mellifluous voice.
</dl>

<H2>19.9 <a name="speech-props">Speech properties</a>:
<a href="aural.html#propdef-speak-punctuation" class="noxref"><span class="propinst-speak-punctuation">'speak-punctuation'</span></a>
and <a href="aural.html#propdef-speak-numeral" class="noxref"><span class="propinst-speak-numeral">'speak-numeral'</span></a>
</h2>

<p>An additional speech property, <a
href="tables.html#propdef-speak-header">speak-header</a>, is
described in the chapter on <a href="tables.html">tables</a>

<div class="propdef">
<dl><dt>
<span class="index-def" title="'speak-punctuation'"><a name="propdef-speak-punctuation" class="propdef-title"><strong>'speak-punctuation'</strong></a></span>
<dd>
<table class="propinfo" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0>
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Value:</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>code | none | <a href="cascade.html#value-def-inherit" class="noxref"><span class="value-inst-inherit">inherit</span></a>
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Initial:</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>none
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Applies to:</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>all elements
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Inherited:</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>yes
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Percentages:</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>N/A
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Media:</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<td><a href="media.html#aural-media-group" class="noxref">aural</a>
</table>
</dl>
</div>


<P>This property specifies how punctuation is spoken.  Values have the
following meanings:</p>

<dl>
<dt><strong>code</strong>
<dd>Punctuation such as semicolons,
braces, and so on are to be spoken literally.
<dt><strong>none</strong>
<dd>Punctuation is not to be spoken, but instead rendered
naturally as various pauses.
</dl>

<div class="propdef">
<dl><dt>
<span class="index-def" title="'speak-numeral'"><a name="propdef-speak-numeral" class="propdef-title"><strong>'speak-numeral'</strong></a></span>
<dd>
<table class="propinfo" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0>
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Value:</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>digits | continuous | <a href="cascade.html#value-def-inherit" class="noxref"><span class="value-inst-inherit">inherit</span></a>
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Initial:</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>continuous
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Applies to:</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>all elements
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Inherited:</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>yes
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Percentages:</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>N/A
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Media:</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;<td><a href="media.html#aural-media-group" class="noxref">aural</a>
</table>
</dl>
</div>


<p>This property controls how numerals are spoken.  Values have the
following meanings:</P>

<dl>
<dt><strong>digits</strong>
<dd>Speak the numeral as individual digits. Thus, "237" is spoken
"Two Three Seven".
<dt><strong>continuous</strong>
<dd>Speak the numeral as a full number. Thus, "237" is spoken
"Two hundred thirty seven". Word representations are language-dependent.
</dl>

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