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<h4><a name="q10"> Percentage values</a></h4>

<p>This part indicates how percentages should be interpreted, if they occur in
the value of the property. If "N/A" appears here, it means that the
property does not accept percentages as values.

<h4><a name="q11"> Media groups</a></h4>

<p>This part indicates the <a href="media.html#media-groups">media
groups</a> to which the property applies. The <a
href="conform.html">conformance</a> conditions state that user agents
must support this property if they support rendering to the <a
href="media.html#media-types">media types</a> included in these <a
href="media.html#media-groups">media groups</a>.

<H3>1.3.3 <a name="shorthand">Shorthand properties</a></H3>

<p>Some properties are <a name="x0"><span class="index-def" title="shorthand
property"><dfn>shorthand properties</dfn></span></a>, meaning they allow
authors to specify the values of several properties with a single
property.

<P>For instance, the <a href="fonts.html#propdef-font" class="noxref"><span class="propinst-font">'font'</span></a> property
is a shorthand property for setting <a href="fonts.html#propdef-font-style" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-font-style">'font-style'</span></a>, <a href="fonts.html#propdef-font-variant" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-font-variant">'font-variant'</span></a>, <a href="fonts.html#propdef-font-weight" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-font-weight">'font-weight'</span></a>, <a href="fonts.html#propdef-font-size" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-font-size">'font-size'</span></a>, <a href="visudet.html#propdef-line-height" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-line-height">'line-height'</span></a>, and <a href="fonts.html#propdef-font-family" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-font-family">'font-family'</span></a> all at once.</p>

<P>When values are omitted from a shorthand form, each
"missing" property is assigned
its initial value (see the section on <a href="cascade.html">the
cascade</a>).

<div class="example"><P style="display:none">Example(s):</P><p>
The multiple style rules of this example:</p>

<pre>
H1 { 
  font-weight: bold; 
  font-size: 12pt;
  line-height: 14pt; 
  font-family: Helvetica; 
  font-variant: normal;
  font-style: normal;
  font-stretch: normal;
  font-size-adjust: none
}
</pre>

<p>may be rewritten with a single shorthand property:</p>

<pre>
H1 { font: bold 12pt/14pt Helvetica }
</pre>

<p>In this example, <a href="fonts.html#propdef-font-variant" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-font-variant">'font-variant'</span></a>, <a href="fonts.html#propdef-font-stretch" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-font-stretch">'font-stretch'</span></a>, <a href="fonts.html#propdef-font-size-adjust" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-font-size-adjust">'font-size-adjust'</span></a>, and <a href="fonts.html#propdef-font-style" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-font-style">'font-style'</span></a> 
take their initial values.</p>
</div>

<h3><a name="q13">1.3.4 Notes and examples</a></h3>

<P>All examples that illustrate illegal usage are clearly
marked as "ILLEGAL EXAMPLE".

<P>All HTML examples conform to the HTML 4.0 strict DTD (defined in
<a href="refs.html#ref-HTML40" rel="biblioentry" class="noxref"><span class="normref">[HTML40]</span></a>) unless otherwise indicated by a document type declaration.

<P>All notes are informative only.

<P>Examples and notes are marked within the source HTML for the
specification and CSS1 user agents will render them specially.

<h3><a name="q14">1.3.5 Images and long descriptions</a></h3>

<P>Most images in the electronic version of this specification are
accompanied by "long descriptions" of what they represent.  A link to
the long description is denoted by a "[D]" to the right of the image.

<P>Images and long descriptions are informative only.

<H2><a name="q15">1.4 Acknowledgments</a></H2> 

<P>This specification is the product of the W3C Working Group on
Cascading Style Sheets and Formatting Properties. In addition to the
editors of this specification, the members of the Working Group are:

Brad Chase (Bitstream), Chris Wilson (Microsoft), Daniel Glazman
(Electricit&eacute; de France), Dave Raggett (W3C/HP), Ed Tecot
(Microsoft), Jared Sorensen (Novell), Lauren Wood (SoftQuad), Laurie
Anna Kaplan (Microsoft), Mike Wexler (Adobe), Murray Maloney (Grif),
Powell Smith (IBM), Robert Stevahn (HP), Steve Byrne (JavaSoft),
Steven Pemberton (CWI), Thom Phillabaum (Netscape), Douglas Rand
(Silicon Graphics), Robert Pernett (Lotus), Dwayne Dicks (SoftQuad),
and Sho Kuwamoto (Macromedia). We thank them for their continued
efforts.

<P>A number of invited experts to the Working Group have contributed:
George Kersher, Glenn Rippel (Bitstream), Jeff Veen (HotWired), Markku
T. Hakkinen (The Productivity Works), Martin D&uuml;rst
(W3C, formerly  Universit&auml;t Z&uuml;rich), Roy Platon (RAL), Todd
Fahrner (Verso), Tim Boland (NIST), Eric Meyer (Case Western
Reserve University), and Vincent Quint (W3C).

<p>The section on Web Fonts was strongly shaped by Brad Chase (Bitstream)
David Meltzer (Microsoft Typography) and Steve Zilles (Adobe). The
following people have also contributed in various ways to the section
pertaining to fonts: Alex Beamon (Apple), Ashok Saxena (Adobe), Ben
Bauermeister (HP), Dave Raggett (W3C/HP), David Opstad (Apple), David
Goldsmith (Apple), Ed Tecot (Microsoft), Erik van Blokland
(LettError), Fran&ccedil;ois Yergeau (Alis), Gavin Nicol (Inso),
Herbert van Zijl (Elsevier), Liam Quin, Misha Wolf (Reuters), Paul
Haeberli (SGI), and the late Phil Karlton (Netscape).

<P>The section on Paged Media was in large parts authored by Robert
Stevahn (HP) and Stephen Waters (Microsoft).

<P>Robert Stevahn (HP), Scott Furman (Netscape), and Scott
Isaacs (Microsoft) were key contributors to CSS Positioning.

<P>Mike Wexler (Adobe) was the editor of the interim working draft,
which described many of the new features of CSS2.

<P><a href="http://cs.cornell.edu/home/raman">T.V. Raman</a> (Adobe)
made pivotal contributions towards Aural Cascading Style Sheets (ACSS)
and the concepts of aural presentation based on his work on AsTeR
(Audio System For Technical Readings). He contributed an initial draft
of the ACSS specification that shaped the current
specification. Values for aural properties in the <a
href="sample.html">HTML 4.0 sample style sheet</a> are of his
devising; he currently uses them on a daily basis on his audio desktop
in conjunction with Emacspeak and the Emacs W3 browser (authored by
William Perry, who also implemented the aural extensions on the W3
side of the fence).

<P>Todd Fahrner (Verso) researched contemporary and historical
browsers to develop the sample style sheet in the appendix.

<P>Thanks to Jan K&auml;rrman, author of <a
href="http://www.tdb.uu.se/~jan/html2ps.html">html2ps</a> for helping
so much in creating the PostScript version of the specification.

<P>Through electronic and physical encounters, the following people
have contributed to the development of CSS2: Alan Borning, Robert
Cailliau, Liz Castro, James Clark, Dan Connolly, Donna Converse,
Daniel Dardailler, Al Gilman, Daniel Greene, Scott Isaacs, Geir
Ivars&oslash;y, Vincent Mallet, Kim Marriott, Brian Michalowski, Lou
Montulli, Henrik Frystyk Nielsen, Jacob Nielsen, Eva von Pepel,
William Perry, David Siegel, Peter Stuckey, and Jason White.

<P>The discussions on [e-mail] have been influential in many
key issues for CSS. Especially, we would like to thank Bjorn Backlund,
Todd Fahrner, Lars Marius Garshol, Sue Jordan, Ian Hickson, Susan
Lesch, Andrew Marshall, MegaZone, Eric Meyer, Russell O'Connor, David
Perrell, Liam Quinn, Jon Seymour, Neil St. Laurent, Taylor, Brian Wilson, and Chris
Wilson for their participation.

<P>Many thanks to the Web Accessibility Initiative Protocols and
Formats Technical Review Working Group (WAI PF) for helping to improve
the accessibility of CSS2.

<P>Many thanks to Philippe Le H&eacute;garet, whose CSS validator helped
ensure correct examples and a sensible grammar. 

<P>Special thanks to Arnaud Le Hors, whose engineering contributions
made this document work.

<P>Adam Costello improved this specification by performing a detailed
review.

<P>Lastly, thanks to Tim Berners-Lee without whom none of this would
have been possible.


<H2>1.5 <a name="copyright">Copyright Notice</a></H2>

<p><strong>Copyright &copy; 1997 <a href="http://www.w3.org/">World Wide
Web Consortium</a>, (<a href="http://www.lcs.mit.edu/">Massachusetts
Institute of Technology</a>, <a href="http://www.inria.fr/">Institut
National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique</a>, <a
href="http://www.keio.ac.jp/">Keio University</a>).  All Rights
Reserved.</strong>

<p>Documents on the <a href="http://www.w3.org/">W3C</a> site are
provided by the copyright holders under the following license. By
obtaining, using and/or copying this document, or the W3C document
from which this statement is linked, you agree that you have read,
understood, and will comply with the following terms and
conditions:</p>

<p>Permission to use, copy, and distribute the contents of this
document, or the W3C document from which this statement is linked, in
any medium for any purpose and without fee or royalty is hereby
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<ol>
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  <li>The pre-existing copyright notice of the original author, if it
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  href="http://www.lcs.mit.edu/">Massachusetts Institute of
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  <li><em>If it exists</em>, the STATUS of the W3C document.</li>
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