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<META NAME="Author" Content="Steph Mineart">
<TITLE>Managing Multivendor Networks -- Ch 3 -- Hewlett-Packard</TITLE>
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<FONT COLOR="#000077">Managing Multivendor Networks</FONT></H1>
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<H1><FONT COLOR="#000077">- 3 -<BR>
Hewlett-Packard</FONT></H1>
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<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#Heading1">Company Background</A>
<LI><A HREF="#Heading2">Product Line Overview</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#Heading3">HP Terminals</A>
<LI><A HREF="#Heading4">PCs</A>
<LI><A HREF="#Heading5">Engineering Workstations</A>
<LI><A HREF="#Heading6">Midrange Offerings</A>
<LI><A HREF="#Heading7">Top-end Offerings</A>
</UL>
<LI><A HREF="#Heading8">Strategy for Connectivity</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#Heading9">Application/User Relationship</A>
<LI><A HREF="#Heading10">Terminal Attachment Philosophy</A>
<LI><A HREF="#Heading11">Peer-to-Peer Relationships</A>
<LI><A HREF="#Heading12">PC Integration Strategy</A>
<LI><A HREF="#Heading13">Office Automation</A>
</UL>
<LI><A HREF="#Heading14">Network Architecture</A>
</UL>
<P>
<HR SIZE="4">
</P>
<H2><A NAME="Heading1"></A><FONT COLOR="#000077">Company Background</FONT></H2>
<P>rom a modest start in 1939, Bill Hewlett and Dave Packard developed HP into a
company that specialized in instruments and instrument control, marketing their products
through independent sales organizations. Ten years later, in 1949, HP had sales in
excess of $2 million and more than 100 employees. Throughout the 1950s and into the
1960s, HP continued to grow conservatively. In 1966, Hewlett-Packard released the
first product that could be legitimately called a computer, the HP2116A. The HP2116A
did not, however, mark the beginning of explosive growth in computer manufacturing--it
merely signaled the start of HP's computer-line development.</P>
<P>In 1971, HP released its first hand-held scientific calculator. Unexpectedly,
this product caused a tidal wave of demand that led HP to expand and refine its calculator
products into a variety of specialized markets. The 1970s also saw HP define and
refine its computer product line. Between the mid-70s and mid-80s, its computer offerings
evolved into three basic lines: the HP 1000 real-time technical computer, the HP
3000 general business computer, and the HP 9000 engineering workstation.</P>
<P>Yet, HP was not widely regarded as a leading edge technology company. To be sure,
HP had an excellent reputation for innovation in instrumentation, but this innovation
was never seen in its computer line. In the late 1980s, however, HP gambled--and
gambled big--by introducing a reduced instruction set computer (RISC) design in the
HP 3000, its general business computer. HP stayed in the spotlight with the acquisition
of Apollo Computer in 1989. A seemingly dramatic departure from HP's normally conservative
management style, this acquisition strengthened HP's overall position in the engineering
workstation and workstation server market.
<H2><A NAME="Heading2"></A><FONT COLOR="#000077">Product Line Overview</FONT></H2>
<P>As a full-line manufacturer, Hewlett-Packard produces a range of products, from
basic terminals to the high end of the midrange market. Although HP often positions
itself against the low end of the IBM-based mainframe market, it does so more because
of overlaps between IBM's own product lines than true mainframe-class power and performance
in an HP computer.</P>
<P>The latest member of the PA-RISC processor family, the PA-7200, extends the previous
single chip superscalar PA-7100 design with a number of design improvements. The
PA-7200 permits higher clock frequencies and has an on-chip assist cache that combines
with a hardware prefetch mechanism, which can significantly speed up many analytic
and high-end applications. The prefetch algorithm permits instructions to be prefetched
from memory on cache misses, and can offer significant performance improvements in
a transaction processing environment.
<H3><A NAME="Heading3"></A><FONT COLOR="#000077">HP Terminals</FONT></H3>
<P>HP terminals are unique in that they can operate in several different modes, and
actually switch in and out of these modes as directed by applications. From a data
communications point of view, this approach offers efficiency--the application minimizes
transmission between the terminal and itself without sacrificing ease of data entry.
On the other hand, first-time HP programmers are often confused by this multipersonality
technology.</P>
<P>In many ways, the HP terminal represents the crossbreeding of the character-oriented
DEC VT terminal with the block orientation of the IBM 3270 and 5250 terminal families.
Some of the terminal's more familiar, character-oriented operations include the following:
<UL>
<LI><I>Character mode.</I> In this mode, individual characters are transmitted to
the host as they are typed at the keyboard. This mode is similar to the way that
DEC terminals operate normally.<BR>
<BR>
<LI><I>Character/forms mode.</I> In this mode, specific areas of the screen are designated
for data entry (termed unprotected fields) and the rest of the display is protected
from alteration.
</UL>
<P>When an HP terminal is in character mode, the end of transmission is normally
signaled when the operator presses the Return key. In block-mode operation, the operator
must trigger transmission by hitting a separate Enter key.</P>
<P>Furthermore, HP terminals make a critical distinction between block mode and forms
mode (HP actually refers to the latter as <I>format mode</I>). In block-mode operations,
the terminal enters data locally; therefore, the user may edit data before pressing
the Enter key to transmit the data. Forms mode, on the other hand, defines the rules
for establishing protected, unprotected, and transmit-only fields on the terminal
screen.</P>
<P>Forms mode does not require block mode, nor does block mode require forms mode.
These modes are further complicated by a line setting that defines the size of the
transmission. The functional capabilities that result from these seemingly unholy
marriages include the following:
<UL>
<LI><I>Block/line mode.</I> When the Enter key is pressed, the current line is transmitted
to the host computer.<BR>
<BR>
<LI><I>Block/line/forms mode.</I> This causes transmission of multiple fields on
a single line.<BR>
<BR>
<LI><I>Block/page mode.</I> This is the opposite of block/line mode. In this setting,
the screen (or page) is transmitted when the Enter key is pressed.<BR>
<BR>
<LI><I>Block/page/forms mode.</I> This mode is similar to the way 3270 -type
terminals operate in that all fields on the screen (or page) are transmitted to the
host computer when the Enter key is pressed.
</UL>
<P>HP's X terminals are designed to accommodate the desktop computer's increasing
role in corporate computing. HP's X terminal product line provides high-performance
graphics and maximizes access to information and multivendor resources across the
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