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<H2><A NAME="Heading7"></A><FONT COLOR="#000077">F</FONT></H2>
<P><B>FAL  </B>File Access Listener. FAL is a DECnet module that listens
for network requests to access its local files. In effect, FAL is a network file
server for DECnet.</P>
<P><B>Fast Ethernet  </B><I>See</I> 100BASET.</P>
<P><B>FCC  </B>Federal Communications Commission. An agency of the U.S.
government that regulates the use of electromagnetic waveforms, such as television
waves, radio waves and other electronic and magnetic emissions. <I>See also</I> EMI
and RFI.</P>
<P><B>FDDI  </B>Fiber Distributed Data Interface. FDDI is an ANSI standard
for fiber-optic networking. FDDI uses a token-passing discipline over a ring topology
at speeds up to 100 Mbps. Interfaces to traditional LANs enable the FDDI network
to act as a WAN or MAN for the LANs attached to it. <I>See also</I> MAN and WAN.</P>
<P><B>FEP  </B>Front-end processor. A phrase often used to refer to intelligent
communications controllers. <I>See also</I> communications controller.</P>
<P><B>Fibre Channel.</B> A high-speed architecture for connecting network devices
and high-speed hardware. Sometimes seen as a replacement for HiPPI.</P>
<P><B>FIPS  </B>Federal Information Processing Specification. Specifications
adopted and published by the U.S. government that are mandated for use by the government
and its agencies.</P>
<P><B>FIPS 1-1  </B>FIPS code for information interchange.</P>
<P><B>FIPS 7    </B>Implementation of FIPS 1-1 and related standards.</P>
<P><B>FIPS 15  </B>Subsets of the FIPS 1-1 code for information interchange.</P>
<P><B>FIPS 16-1  </B>Bit sequencing of the FIPS 1-1 code for serial transmissions.</P>
<P><B>FIPS 17-1  </B>Character and parity structure for FIPS 1-1 transmissions.</P>
<P><B>FIPS 35  </B>Code extension techniques using 7 or 8 bits.</P>
<P><B>FIPS 71  </B>Advanced Data Communication Control Procedures (ADCCP).
<I>See also</I> ADCCP.</P>
<P><B>Firewire  </B><I>See</I> IEEE 1394.</P>
<P><B>fractional T1  </B>One or more of the 24 64-Kbps channels of a T1
line, broken out by the local telephone office and offered to local customers. Fractional
T1 enables a range of customers to share the benefits (and cost) of a full T1 line.
<I>See also</I> T1.</P>
<P><B>frame  </B>A block of information organized in a specific format.
Depending on the network, a frame might have origin and destination information in
it, or might be included as part of another structure (such as a packet) that defines
the routing information. <I>See also</I> packet.</P>
<P><B>FTAM  </B>File Transfer, Access and Management. An OSI upper-level
service for file transfer between open systems. FTAM is defined as OSI standard 8571.</P>
<P><B>FTP  </B>File Transfer Protocol. FTP is a TCP/IP application that
enables the transfer of files between host computers.</P>
<P><B>FTSC  </B>Federal Telecommunications Standards Committee. A U.S.
government advisory body to the National Communications System agency.</P>
<P><B>FTSC 1003  </B>FTSC definition of synchronous data link control procedures
(ADCCP). <I>See also</I> ADCCP.</P>
<P><B>FTSC 1005  </B>FTSC definition of coding and modulation requirements
for 2,400-bps modems.</P>
<P><B>FTSC 1006  </B>FTSC definition of coding and modulation requirements
for 4,800-bps modems.</P>
<P><B>FTSC-1007  </B>FTSC definition of coding and modulation requirements
for 9,600-bps modems.</P>
<P><B>FTSC-1008  </B>FTSC definition of coding and modulation for 600/1200-bps
modems.</P>
<P><B>FTSC 1010  </B>FTSC definition of bit sequencing the ANSI X3.4 information
code for serial transmissions.</P>
<P><B>FTSC 1011  </B>FTSC definition of character and parity structure
for ANSI X3.4 transmissions.</P>
<P><B>Full duplex  </B>Simultaneous, independent bidirectional transmission.</P>
<P><B>FUNI  </B>Frame User Network Interface. A service that performs protocol
conversion between Frame Relay and ATM networks.
<H2><A NAME="Heading8"></A><FONT COLOR="#000077">G</FONT></H2>
<P><B>Gabriel  </B>A software product that detects the presence of SATAN.
<I>See also</I> SATAN.</P>
<P><B>Gateway  </B>A device that permits the network activity on one type
of network to flow into another type of network. A gateway is different from a bridge
or router in that it must perform conversion and/or emulation tasks to tie two (or
more) heterogeneous networks together, while bridges and routers link two homogenous
networks. A gateway maps to all seven layers of the OSI model. <I>See also</I> bridge
and router.</P>
<P><B>GCS  </B>Group Control System. In an IBM mainframe environment, GCS
is used with the VM operating system to host SNA-oriented subsystems such as ACF/VTAM.</P>
<P><B>GOSIP  </B>Government OSI Profile. A set of requirements issued by
the U.S. and United Kingdom governments to dictate the use of OSI-compliant products
within the government and its agencies.</P>
<P><B>GPI  </B>Graphics Programming Interface. A generalized interface
within OS/2 controlling fonts and graphics as displayed and printed on a variety
of devices.</P>
<P><B>Groupware  </B>A type of software that facilitates sharing of electronic
data and processes throughout a group of end users.</P>
<P><B>GUI  </B>Graphical user interface. A term used to describe a graphical
interface as seen by the end user of a computer system. Specifically, a GUI enables
a user to select applications by selecting icons and graphics representations presented
on the screen. GUI products include the Apple operating system, Microsoft Windows,
the OS/2 Presentation Manager, HP's NewWave and DEC's DECwindows.
<H2><A NAME="Heading9"></A><FONT COLOR="#000077">H</FONT></H2>
<P><B>H4000 and H4005  </B><I>See</I> transceiver.</P>
<P><B>half duplex  </B>Transmission in one of two directions at any given
time, but not both directions simultaneously.</P>
<P><B>HASP  </B>Houston Automatic Spooling Program. An IBM Job Entry Subsystem
(JES) for the OS/SVS operating system.</P>
<P><B>HCF  </B>Host Command Facility. An IBM package originally designed
to interface mainframes with 8100 Information Processing machines running the companion
DHCF package. HCF is commonly used as an interface from IBM to non-IBM computers.
<I>See also</I> DHCF.</P>
<P><B>HDLC  </B>High-Level Data Link Control. A bit-level protocol for
data transmission. HDLC is ISO's implementation of the IBM SDLC standard. HDLC is
often used as a high-speed, general-purpose computer-to-computer link.</P>
<P><B>heartbeat  </B>A function performed by transceivers on Ethernet and
802.3 IEEE networks that signals their continuing operation.</P>
<P><B>High Performance Routing (HPR)  </B>A mechanism used in IBM networks
to provide an SNA/APPN network with native access to a wide-area ATM network.</P>
<P><B>HiPPI (High Performance Parallel Interface)  </B>A method for connecting
heterogeneous supercomputers with IBM mainframes.</P>
<P><B>HP  </B>Hewlett-Packard Company.</P>
<P><B>HP 125  </B>HP's implementation of a combined terminal and PC system.
The HP 125's memory capacity was, however, rather limited.</P>
<P><B>HP 150  </B>HP's revised implementation of a dual terminal and personal
computer. The HP 150 also featured touch-screen operation.</P>
<P><B>HP 700  </B>A monochrome HP terminal.</P>
<P><B>HP 1000  </B>HP's line of real-time technical minicomputers. The
HP1000s use a proprietary CISC architecture.</P>
<P><B>HP 2620  </B>A monochrome HP terminal.</P>
<P><B>HP 2640  </B>A monochrome HP terminal.</P>
<P><B>HP2697  </B>A color HP terminal.</P>
<P><B>HP 3000  </B>HP's line of general-purpose business computers. The
HP 3000 product line includes both CISC and RISC models. The CISC models include
the MICRO 3000 and Series 70. The RISC models include the HP 3000 Series 900 Series.</P>
<P><B>HP 9000  </B>HP's line of engineering workstations. The HP 9000 line
includes both RISC and CISC models.</P>
<P><B>HP-GL  </B>Hewlett-Packard Graphics Language. The command set used
by HP plotters. HP-GL is a vector-oriented interface that describes the objects to
be printed/plotted as a series of mathematical shapes. HP-GL also supports color.
Because of its widespread use, HP-GL is often used as an intermediary format for
converting graphics from one system (or package) to another.</P>
<P><B>HP-IB  </B>HP's implementation of the IEEE 488 general-purpose, bus
interface used to interface tape and disk drives to system processors.</P>
<P><B>HP Portable  </B>The HP Portable and HP Portable Plus were HP's initial
MS-DOS, portable PC offerings. Unfortunately, they lacked such things as built-in
disk or diskette drives.</P>
<P><B>HP-UX  </B>HP's UNIX implementation for the HP 9000 Series computers.</P>
<P><B>HSC  </B>Hierarchical Storage Controller. A DEC device that allows
shared access to a set of disk drives. The HSC is used in VAXclusters to act as the
intermediary between a Star Coupler and the drives. <I>See also</I> CI, Star Coupler,
and VAXcluster.
<H2><A NAME="Heading10"></A><FONT COLOR="#000077">I</FONT></H2>
<P><B>ICA  </B>Integrated Communications Adapter. An IBM device used in
a 9370 and 4300 Series mainframes as a communications controller. For the 4300, an
ICA is an alternative to a stand-alone 3705 or 3725 communications controller.</P>
<P><B>ICMP  </B>Internet Control Message Protocol. ICMP is responsible
for the detection and reporting of link-level errors.</P>
<P><B>IEEE  </B>Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. A professional
society that often participates in the development of standards. IEEE recommendations
are usually forwarded to ANSI for its endorsements. Among the best known IEEE standards
are the 802.2, 802.3, and 802.5 LAN specifications.</P>
<P><B>IEEE 488  </B>A general-purpose bus interface most commonly used
to interface tape and/or disk drives to system processors.</P>
<P><B>IEEE 802.2  </B>A standard that defines the Logical Link Control
(LLC) level of LAN communications. IEEE 802.2 is used with the 802.3, 802.4 and 802.5
medium access control (MAC) standards. In terms of layers, 802.2 resides above the
MAC standards.</P>
<P><B>IEEE 802.3  </B>A standard that defines the medium access control
(MAC) layer for a Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD)
bus network. The IEEE 802.3 standard is not identical to Ethernet; however, both
Ethernet and 802.3 devices can coexist on the same cable. The IEEE 802.3 standard
has been adopted by ECMA as ECMA-80, 81 and 82 and by ISO as ISO 8802/3. <I>See also</I>
Ethernet, ECMA and ISO.</P>
<P><B>IEEE 802.4  </B>A standard that defines the medium access control
(MAC) layer for a token-passing bus network.</P>
<P><B>IEEE 802.5  </B>A standard that defines the medium access control
(MAC) layer for a token-passing ring network. IBM's Token Ring conforms to this standard.</P>
<P><B>IEEE 802.6  </B>A standard defining a MAN based on a fiber-optic
ring 30 miles in length. The standard supports data rates of 1.5 Mbps to 155 Mbps.</P>
<P><B>IEEE 902.9a  </B>A standard for running two networks over 10BaseT
wiring. <I>See also</I> isochronous Ethernet.</P>
<P><B>IEEE 1003  </B>IEEE definition of portable operating systems (POSIX).
<I>See also</I> POSIX.</P>
<P><B>IEEE 1394  </B>A local device interface for ATM or Fast Ethernet,
which permits either to be routed to individual devices. <I>See also</I> Firewire.</P>
<P><B>IMF/3000 and IMF II/3000  </B>HP 3000-based software that provides
interactive (virtual terminal and batch) capability with an IBM mainframe. IMF/3000
uses bisynchronous com-munications, and IMF II/3000 uses SNA SDLC communications.
IMF II is also known as SNA IMF.</P>
<P><B>INP  </B>Intelligent Network Processor. An intelligent HP controller
card for the HP 3000 CISC computers that provides bisynchronous, SDLC, and X.25 communications.</P>
<P><B>Internet Interoperability Object Protocol (IIOP).</B> A part of the CORBA 2.0
specification that adds multivendor connectivity to the ORB model.</P>
<P><B>IP  </B>Internet Protocol. <I>See</I> TCP/IP.</P>
<P><B>IPC  </B>Interprocess communications. A mechanism that enables two
programs to communicate with one another. The term Net-IPC is often used to describe
a network-level interface between two programs. <I>See also</I> API, APPC, and RPC.</P>
<P><B>IPX  </B>A datagram protocol established by Novell for use in sending
data over Netware networks. In the OSI model, IPX is a network-layer protocol. <I>See
also</I> NetWare.</P>
<P><B>ISA  </B>Industry standard architecture. A term used to describe
the original bus structure used in the PC/AT and subsequently adopted by the industry
as a de facto standard. <I>See also</I> EISA and MCA.</P>
<P><B>ISDN.</B> Integrated Services Digital Network. A digital-based network for
voice and data lines. From a broader perspective, ISDN is targeted to be an international
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