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and a Type 4 device for printers.</P>
<P><B>5251  </B>A 5250 workstation (LU 7). <I>See</I> 5250.</P>
<P><B>5256  </B>A 5250 printer (LU 4). <I>See</I> 5250.</P>
<P><B>5262  </B>A 5250 printer (LU 4). <I>See</I> 5250.</P>
<P><B>5291  </B>A 5250 workstation (LU 7). <I>See</I> 5250.</P>
<P><B>5292  </B>A 5250 color workstation (LU 7). <I>See</I> 5250.</P>
<P><B>5294  </B>An IBM control unit for the 5250 workstation family. The
5294 interfaces with a mid-range host. In SNA terms, the 5294 is an SNA Physical
Unit (PU) Type 2. <I>See also</I> 5250 and 5394.</P>
<P><B>5360  </B>An IBM System/36 mid-range system.</P>
<P><B>5380  </B>An IBM System/38 mid-range system.</P>
<P><B>5394  </B>Like the 5294, a control unit for the 5250 workstation
family (and a PU 2 device). <I>See also</I> 5250 and 5294.</P>
<P><B>9402  </B>The system unit designation for the low end of the AS/400
mid-range system line. The 9402 system unit includes the D04 and D06 models.</P>
<P><B>9404  </B>The system unit designation for the middle of the AS/400
mid-range system line. The 9404 system unit includes the D10 through D25 models.</P>
<P><B>9406  </B>The system unit designation for the high end of the AS/400
mid-range system line. The 9406 system unit includes the D35 through D80 models.</P>
<P><B>9370  </B>An IBM System/370 mainframe.
<H2><A NAME="Heading2"></A><FONT COLOR="#000077">A</FONT></H2>
<P><B>Accumaster Integrator  </B>An AT&T network management product
that collects and reports network information generated by AT&T's Network Management
Protocol (NMP).</P>
<P><B>ACF  </B>Advanced Communications Functions. An IBM prefix attached
to products that support SNA functions. For example, ACF/VTAM indicates that this
version of VTAM supports SNA devices.</P>
<P><B>ACK  </B>Acknowledgment. A control character transmitted by a receiver
as an affirmative response to the sender.</P>
<P><B>ACU  </B>Automatic call unit. A device used with a standard modem
to dial the telephone number for the originating equipment. Dedicated ACU devices
were popular (and necessary) before the advent of Hayes and Hayes-compatible modems.
ACUs work with asynchronous or synchronous modems.</P>
<P><B>ADCC  </B>Asynchronous Data Communication Controller. An HP asynchronous
controller card for the CISC models of the HP 3000 computer line. The ADCC is used
to interface terminals with the computer via either the RS-232C or RS-422 standards.
<I>See also</I> ATP and DTC.</P>
<P><B>ADCCP  </B>Advanced Data Communications Control Protocol. The ANSI
implementation of a bit-oriented, symmetrical protocol based on IBM SDLC. Because
of the ANSI endorsement, support for ADCCP is often specified in connectivity situations
involving the U.S. government.</P>
<P><B>address  </B>A set of bits (or bytes) that uniquely identifies a
device on a multidropped (or multipoint) data communications line or in a network.</P>
<P><B>ADSL  </B>Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line. A transport technology
capable of significantly increasing the capacity of existing phone lines.</P>
<P><B>Aegis  </B>A proprietary operating system for Apollo's Domain engineering
workstations.</P>
<P><B>AIX  </B>Advanced Interactive Executive. IBM's primary (but not only)
implementation of UNIX. Versions of AIX are available for IBM engineering workstations,
PS/2s and for the System/370 mainframe systems. <I>See also</I> IX.</P>
<P><B>ALLBASE/SQL  </B>A HP product for the HP 3000 to implement networkwide
databases.</P>
<P><B>ALL-IN-1  </B>DEC's electronic mail and office automation product
for the VAX system.</P>
<P><B>analog transmission  </B>Transmissions in which the native data processing
digital signals are converted into waveforms for transmission. This transmission
is used when sending information over voice-grade phone lines. <I>See also</I> digital
transmission.</P>
<P><B>ANI  </B>Automatic number identification. A service implemented by
ISDN that enables the receiver of a phone call to see the phone number of the caller
on a special display. <I>See also</I> ISDN.</P>
<P><B>ANSI  </B>American National Standards Institute. ANSI is a nonprofit,
nongovernmental body supported by more than 1,000 trade organizations, professional
societies and companies. ANSI is the American representation at ISO.</P>
<P><B>API  </B>Application program interface. Originally an IBM term, API
has now taken on a much broader usage. API refers to an interface available to an
application for communicating with other applications. <I>See also</I> APPC, IPC,
and RPC.</P>
<P><B>Apollo  </B>An engineering workstation manufacturing company that
was acquired by HP in 1989. Apollo's products, its Domain line, used both conventional
(Motorola MC68000-series processors) and parallel RISC technology (which Apollo termed
PRISM).</P>
<P><B>APPC  </B>Advanced Program-to-Program Communications. An IBM term
used to refer to an interface that enables two programs running on separate systems
to communicate with one another. In most cases, APPC refers to the LU 6.2 interface.
<I>See also</I> API, IPC, and RPC.</P>
<P><B>AppleTalk  </B>Apple's CSMA/CD-based LAN technology.</P>
<P><B>Application Layer  </B>The seventh (top) layer of the OSI Reference
Model. The Application Layer defines services available to the application and to
the user. This layer includes utility functions such as file transfer and virtual
terminal services. <I>See also</I> OSI Reference Model.</P>
<P><B>APPN  </B>Advanced Peer-to-Peer Networking. An IBM term that refers
to the capability of two intelligent microcomputer systems in a network to communicate
directly without involving any higher-level SNA devices. In most cases, APPN refers
to the capability of two PU 2.1 devices to communicate with one another.</P>
<P><B>Arcnet  </B>A LAN implementation developed by Datapoint that uses
a token-passing discipline operating over a 2.5 Mbps physical network. Arcnet became
popular in implementing early PC networks because it offered a reasonable level of
performance at a reasonable price. Arcnet can be implemented in many topologies,
but it is usually implemented as a star.</P>
<P><B>ARPA  </B>Advanced Research Projects Agency. Now called DARPA. <I>See</I>
DARPA.</P>
<P><B>AS/400  </B>Introduced in 1988 as the flagship of IBM's mid-range
product line. The AS/400 (Application System/400) was modeled after both the System/36
and System/38--the two systems the AS/400 was targeted to replace.</P>
<P><B>AS/400 Office  </B>IBM's electronic mail and office automation product
for the AS/400.</P>
<P><B>ASCII  </B>American Standard Code for Information Interchange. An
ANSI-defined code that defines the bit composition of characters and symbols. ASCII
defines 128 different symbols using 7 binary bits (the eighth bit is reserved for
parity). DEC, HP, and Sun all use the ASCII encoding system, although larger IBM
platforms use EBCDIC--a similar but incompatible code.<I> See also</I> EBCDIC.</P>
<P><B>ASP  </B>Attached Support Processor. An IBM Job Entry Subsystem for
the OS/SVS operating system. <I>See also</I> JES.</P>
<P><B>Asynchronous  </B>A data transmission method in which each character
(eight bits) transmitted is bounded by a start bit and one or more stop bits. Under
asynchronous communications, no timing or clocking information is exchanged between
parties. <I>See also</I> Synchronous.</P>
<P><B>Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)  </B>A high-speed protocol that
offers every client on the network the capability to send data at speeds up to 155
Mbps.</P>
<P><B>ATP  </B>Advanced Terminal Processor. A HP asynchronous controller
card for HP 3000 CISC computers. The ATP interfaces terminals with the computer using
either RS-232C or RS-422 standards. The ATP is similar to the ADCC, but can perform
more functions locally. <I>See also</I> ADCC and DTC.</P>
<P><B>AUI  </B>Attachment unit interface. The interface on a LAN between
a network device (for example, a workstation or computer) and a medium attachment
unit. Often used to describe a cable (in other words, the AUI cable attaches the
workstation to the MAU). <I>See also</I> MAU and transceiver.</P>
<P><B>Automounter  </B>Part of Sun's Open Network Computing (ONC) architecture.
Automounter works with Sun's Network File System (NFS) to automatically mount and
dismount files on demand. <I>See also</I> NFS and ONC.
<H2><A NAME="Heading3"></A><FONT COLOR="#000077">B</FONT></H2>
<P><B>Backbone  </B>The main cable of a bus or tree LAN to which nodes
or other LAN segments can attach.</P>
<P><B>Baseband  </B>A data communications medium (such as coaxial cable)
used to carry data in many LANs. <I>See also</I> Broadband.</P>
<P><B>Batch  </B>A self-contained task that requires little or no operator
input to run. Batch jobs are normally run as background tasks in most computers (in
other words, no specific terminal or input devices are associated with it).</P>
<P><B>Baud  </B>A measurement of speed as sampled in seconds. Although
baud is often interchanged with bits-per-second (bps), the two units of measurement
are not necessarily the same. While bps always refers to bits, baud encompasses greater
dimensions. If the sampling resolution is bits, then baud equals bps. If, however,
the sampling is based on two bits, then baud and bps are not equal.</P>
<P><B>BCC  </B>Block check character. The result of a transmission verification
algorithm performed on the block of data being transmitted. The one- or two-character
result is normally appended to the end of the transmission. <I>See also</I> CRC and
LRC.</P>
<P><B>Bell 103  </B>AT&T modem that either originates or answers phone
transmissions using asynchronous communications at speeds up to 300 bps.</P>
<P><B>Bell 113  </B>Same as Bell 103, except the 113 modem can only originate
or only answer (and not automatically switch between answering and originating).</P>
<P><B>Bell 201  </B>AT&T modem providing synchronous data transmission
at speeds up to 2400 bps.</P>
<P><B>Bell 202  </B>AT&T modem providing asynchronous data transmission
at speeds up to 1800 bps. Requires a four-wire line for full duplex operation.</P>
<P><B>Bell 208  </B>AT&T modem providing synchronous data transmission
at speeds up to 4800 bps.</P>
<P><B>Bell 209  </B>AT&T modem providing synchronous data transmission
at up to 9600 bps.</P>
<P><B>Bell 212  </B>AT&T modem providing full duplex, asynchronous
or synchronous data transmission at speeds up to 1200 on a dial network.</P>
<P><B>BSD  </B>Berkeley Software Distribution. Part of the University of
Berkeley responsible for the on-going maintenance and distribution of Berkeley's
version of UNIX.</P>
<P><B>BIOS  </B>Basic Input/Output System. In PCs, the BIOS is a central
service loaded from ROM chips that provides the core services for accessing devices
(for example, the monitor, keyboard, diskette, hard disk and so forth).</P>
<P><B>BISDN  </B>Broadband Integrated Services Data Network. An ISDN implementation
that uses high-speed fiber-optic links. <I>See also</I> ISDN.</P>
<P><B>Bisync  </B>Binary Synchronous Communication. A byte-oriented protocol
using synchronous transmission. Bisync was widely used by IBM before its transition
to the bit-oriented SDLC protocol.</P>
<P><B>BIU  </B>Basic information unit.<B> </B>The SNA data format that
consists of the RH and RU information. <I>See also</I> BLU.</P>
<P><B>BLU  </B>Basic link unit.<B> </B>The information contained in an
SDLC frame that is composed of SDLC control data plus PIU plus SDLC control data.
The PIU, in turn, is composed of the TH and BIU, with the BIU being the combination
of RH and RU information.</P>
<P><B>BPR  </B>Business Process Re-Engineering.<B> </B>A method of restructuring
business processes to achieve a greater level of automation, a more efficient flow
of information throughout the business, and a better understanding of the critical
business processes by its participants.</P>
<P><B>BRI  </B>Basic Rate Interface.<B> </B>The low-end interface of the
Integrated Services Data Network (ISDN) that offers two 64-Kbps data/voice lines
and a third 16-Kbps management circuit. <I>See also</I> ISDN and PRI.</P>
<P><B>bridge  </B>Normally a set of devices used to connect two remote
networks, with each network unaware that the other network is, in fact, remote. Bridges
operate on Layer 2 (data link layer) of the OSI model. They can be used to form WANs
and differ from gateways and routers in that they do not perform any emulation or
translation services. <I>See also</I> gateway and router.</P>
<P><B>Broadband  </B>A data communications medium (such as CATV cable)
capable of transmitting voice, video and data simultaneously. <I>See also</I> baseband.</P>
<P><B>BSC  </B>Binary Synchronous Communication. <I>See</I> Bisync.</P>
<P><B>BTAM  </B>Basic Telecommunications Access Method. An IBM mainframe
subsystem that handles application access and routing within the network. <I>See
also</I> TCAM, RTAM and VTAM.</P>
<P><B>BTOS  </B>An UNIX-like operating system for the Unisys microcomputer
line that originated from its Convergent Technology subsidiary. BTOS is a modified
version of Convergent's own CTOS operating system. <I>See also</I> CTOS.</P>
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