📄 rfc1035.4up.ps
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(subroutine to be linked in with every program that needs its services.) s5 192 M(Resolvers answer user queries with information they acquire via queries) s5 179 M(to foreign name servers and the local cache.) s5 153 M(Note that the resolver may have to make several queries to several) s5 140 M(different foreign name servers to answer a particular user query, and) s5 127 M(hence the resolution of a user query may involve several network) s5 114 M(accesses and an arbitrary amount of time. The queries to foreign name) s5 101 M(servers and the corresponding responses have a standard format described) s5 49 M(Mockapetris [Page 4]) s_R_RS%%Page: (5-8) 2%%BeginPageSetup_S24 818 translate%Page: (5) 5%BeginPageSetup_S% N-up sub-page 1/40 -392 translate0.490859 dup scale/pagenum 5 def/fname (/usr/local/share/doc/rfc/Mirrors/ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1035.txt) def/fdir (/usr/local/share/doc/rfc/Mirrors/ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/) def/ftail (rfc1035.txt) def% User defined strings:/fmodstr (Tue Nov 24 00:00:00 1987) def/pagenumstr (5) def/user_header_p true def/user_header_left_str (RFC1035) def/user_header_center_str (RFC.net) def/user_header_right_str (Page 5 of 56) def%%EndPageSetupdo_header5 751 M(RFC 1035 Domain Implementation and Specification November 1987) s5 712 M(in this memo, and may be datagrams.) s5 686 M(Depending on its capabilities, a name server could be a stand alone) s5 673 M(program on a dedicated machine or a process or processes on a large) s5 660 M(timeshared host. A simple configuration might be:) s5 634 M( Local Host | Foreign) s5 621 M( |) s5 608 M( +---------+ |) s5 595 M( / /| |) s5 582 M( +---------+ | +----------+ | +--------+) s5 569 M( | | | | |responses| | |) s5 556 M( | | | | Name |---------|->|Foreign |) s5 543 M( | Master |-------------->| Server | | |Resolver|) s5 530 M( | files | | | |<--------|--| |) s5 517 M( | |/ | | queries | +--------+) s5 504 M( +---------+ +----------+ |) s5 478 M(Here a primary name server acquires information about one or more zones) s5 465 M(by reading master files from its local file system, and answers queries) s5 452 M(about those zones that arrive from foreign resolvers.) s5 426 M(The DNS requires that all zones be redundantly supported by more than) s5 413 M(one name server. Designated secondary servers can acquire zones and) s5 400 M(check for updates from the primary server using the zone transfer) s5 387 M(protocol of the DNS. This configuration is shown below:) s5 361 M( Local Host | Foreign) s5 348 M( |) s5 335 M( +---------+ |) s5 322 M( / /| |) s5 309 M( +---------+ | +----------+ | +--------+) s5 296 M( | | | | |responses| | |) s5 283 M( | | | | Name |---------|->|Foreign |) s5 270 M( | Master |-------------->| Server | | |Resolver|) s5 257 M( | files | | | |<--------|--| |) s5 244 M( | |/ | | queries | +--------+) s5 231 M( +---------+ +----------+ |) s5 218 M( A |maintenance | +--------+) s5 205 M( | +------------|->| |) s5 192 M( | queries | |Foreign |) s5 179 M( | | | Name |) s5 166 M( +------------------|--| Server |) s5 153 M( maintenance responses | +--------+) s5 127 M(In this configuration, the name server periodically establishes a) s5 114 M(virtual circuit to a foreign name server to acquire a copy of a zone or) s5 101 M(to check that an existing copy has not changed. The messages sent for) s5 49 M(Mockapetris [Page 5]) s_R%Page: (6) 6%BeginPageSetup_S% N-up sub-page 2/4278 -392 translate0.490859 dup scale/pagenum 6 def/fname (/usr/local/share/doc/rfc/Mirrors/ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1035.txt) def/fdir (/usr/local/share/doc/rfc/Mirrors/ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/) def/ftail (rfc1035.txt) def% User defined strings:/fmodstr (Tue Nov 24 00:00:00 1987) def/pagenumstr (6) def/user_header_p true def/user_header_left_str (RFC1035) def/user_header_center_str (RFC.net) def/user_header_right_str (Page 6 of 56) def%%EndPageSetupdo_header5 751 M(RFC 1035 Domain Implementation and Specification November 1987) s5 712 M(these maintenance activities follow the same form as queries and) s5 699 M(responses, but the message sequences are somewhat different.) s5 673 M(The information flow in a host that supports all aspects of the domain) s5 660 M(name system is shown below:) s5 634 M( Local Host | Foreign) s5 621 M( |) s5 608 M( +---------+ +----------+ | +--------+) s5 595 M( | | user queries | |queries | | |) s5 582 M( | User |-------------->| |---------|->|Foreign |) s5 569 M( | Program | | Resolver | | | Name |) s5 556 M( | |<--------------| |<--------|--| Server |) s5 543 M( | | user responses| |responses| | |) s5 530 M( +---------+ +----------+ | +--------+) s5 517 M( | A |) s5 504 M( cache additions | | references |) s5 491 M( V | |) s5 478 M( +----------+ |) s5 465 M( | Shared | |) s5 452 M( | database | |) s5 439 M( +----------+ |) s5 426 M( A | |) s5 413 M( +---------+ refreshes | | references |) s5 400 M( / /| | V |) s5 387 M( +---------+ | +----------+ | +--------+) s5 374 M( | | | | |responses| | |) s5 361 M( | | | | Name |---------|->|Foreign |) s5 348 M( | Master |-------------->| Server | | |Resolver|) s5 335 M( | files | | | |<--------|--| |) s5 322 M( | |/ | | queries | +--------+) s5 309 M( +---------+ +----------+ |) s5 296 M( A |maintenance | +--------+) s5 283 M( | +------------|->| |) s5 270 M( | queries | |Foreign |) s5 257 M( | | | Name |) s5 244 M( +------------------|--| Server |) s5 231 M( maintenance responses | +--------+) s5 205 M(The shared database holds domain space data for the local name server) s5 192 M(and resolver. The contents of the shared database will typically be a) s5 179 M(mixture of authoritative data maintained by the periodic refresh) s5 166 M(operations of the name server and cached data from previous resolver) s5 153 M(requests. The structure of the domain data and the necessity for) s5 140 M(synchronization between name servers and resolvers imply the general) s5 127 M(characteristics of this database, but the actual format is up to the) s5 114 M(local implementor.) s5 49 M(Mockapetris [Page 6]) s_R%Page: (7) 7%BeginPageSetup_S% N-up sub-page 3/40 -794 translate0.490859 dup scale/pagenum 7 def/fname (/usr/local/share/doc/rfc/Mirrors/ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1035.txt) def/fdir (/usr/local/share/doc/rfc/Mirrors/ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/) def/ftail (rfc1035.txt) def% User defined strings:/fmodstr (Tue Nov 24 00:00:00 1987) def/pagenumstr (7) def/user_header_p true def/user_header_left_str (RFC1035) def/user_header_center_str (RFC.net) def/user_header_right_str (Page 7 of 56) def%%EndPageSetupdo_header5 751 M(RFC 1035 Domain Implementation and Specification November 1987) s5 712 M(Information flow can also be tailored so that a group of hosts act) s5 699 M(together to optimize activities. Sometimes this is done to offload less) s5 686 M(capable hosts so that they do not have to implement a full resolver.) s5 673 M(This can be appropriate for PCs or hosts which want to minimize the) s5 660 M(amount of new network code which is required. This scheme can also) s5 647 M(allow a group of hosts can share a small number of caches rather than) s5 634 M(maintaining a large number of separate caches, on the premise that the) s5 621 M(centralized caches will have a higher hit ratio. In either case,) s5 608 M(resolvers are replaced with stub resolvers which act as front ends to) s5 595 M(resolvers located in a recursive server in one or more name servers) s5 582 M(known to perform that service:) s5 556 M( Local Hosts | Foreign) s5 543 M( |) s5 530 M( +---------+ |) s5 517 M( | | responses |) s5 504 M( | Stub |<--------------------+ |) s5 491 M( | Resolver| | |) s5 478 M( | |----------------+ | |) s5 465 M( +---------+ recursive | | |) s5 452 M( queries | | |) s5 439 M( V | |) s5 426 M( +---------+ recursive +----------+ | +--------+) s5 413 M( | | queries | |queries | | |) s5 400 M( | Stub |-------------->| Recursive|---------|->|Foreign |) s5 387 M( | Resolver| | Server | | | Name |) s5 374 M( | |<--------------| |<--------|--| Server |) s5 361 M( +---------+ responses | |responses| | |) s5 348 M( +----------+ | +--------+) s5 335 M( | Central | |) s5 322 M( | cache | |) s5 309 M( +----------+ |) s5 283 M(In any case, note that domain components are always replicated for) s5 270 M(reliability whenever possible.) s5 244 M(2.3. Conventions) s5 218 M(The domain system has several conventions dealing with low-level, but) s5 205 M(fundamental, issues. While the implementor is free to violate these) s5 192 M(conventions WITHIN HIS OWN SYSTEM, he must observe these conventions in) s5 179 M(ALL behavior observed from other hosts.) s5 153 M(2.3.1. Preferred name syntax) s5 127 M(The DNS specifications attempt to be as general as possible in the rules) s5 114 M(for constructing domain names. The idea is that the name of any) s5 101 M(existing object can be expressed as a domain name with minimal changes.) s5 49 M(Mockapetris [Page 7]) s_R%Page: (8) 8%BeginPageSetup_S% N-up sub-page 4/4278 -794 translate0.490859 dup scale/pagenum 8 def/fname (/usr/local/share/doc/rfc/Mirrors/ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1035.txt) def/fdir (/usr/local/share/doc/rfc/Mirrors/ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/) def/ftail (rfc1035.txt) def% User defined strings:/fmodstr (Tue Nov 24 00:00:00 1987) def/pagenumstr (8) def/user_header_p true def/user_header_left_str (RFC1035) def/user_header_center_str (RFC.net) def/user_header_right_str (Page 8 of 56) def%%EndPageSetupdo_header5 751 M(RFC 1035 Domain Implementation and Specification November 1987) s5 712 M(However, when assigning a domain name for an object, the prudent user) s5 699 M(will select a name which satisfies both the rules of the domain system) s5 686 M(and any existing rules for the object, whether these rules are published) s5 673 M(or implied by existing programs.) s5 647 M(For example, when naming a mail domain, the user should satisfy both the) s5 634 M(rules of this memo and those in RFC-822. When creating a new host name,) s5 621 M(the old rules for HOSTS.TXT should be followed. This avoids problems) s5 608 M(when old software is converted to use domain names.) s5 582 M(The following syntax will result in fewer problems with many) s5 556 M(applications that use domain names \(e.g., mail, TELNET\).) s5 530 M(<domain> ::= <subdomain> | " ") s5 504 M(<subdomain> ::= <label> | <subdomain> "." <label>) s5 478 M(<label> ::= <letter> [ [ <ldh-str> ] <let-dig> ]) s5 452 M(<ldh-str> ::= <let-dig-hyp> | <let-dig-hyp> <ldh-str>) s5 426 M(<let-dig-hyp> ::= <let-dig> | "-") s5 400 M(<let-dig> ::= <letter> | <digit>) s5 374 M(<letter> ::= any one of the 52 alphabetic characters A through Z in) s5 361 M⌨️ 快捷键说明
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