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<html><body><a href="doc115.html"><img src=../icons/next.gif alt="Next"></a><a href="doc000.html"><img src=../icons/up.gif alt="Up"></a><a href="doc113.html"><img src=../icons/previous.gif alt="Previous"></a><a href="doc000.html"><img src=../icons/contents.gif alt="Contents"></a><a href="doc123.html"><img src=../icons/index.gif alt="Index"></a><hr><h2><a name="sF.2">F.2 The Evolution of ``Free Software''</a></h2><title>The Evolution of ``Free Software''</title><p>The Unix operating system was also developed on a cooperative basis by AT&Twith the active support of many universities and research establishments. <a name="i282">Many of the early Unix contributors were disappointed when AT&T began inthe late 1970's and 1980's, to enforce their copyright terms over the useand distribution of Unix. This eventually resulted in the long and bitterlegal battle between AT&T (and subsequently Novell who bought the Unixcopyrights from AT&T in 1991) and the University of California at Berkeley.<a name="i283"> <a name="i284">In a partial response to this problem of individual control of a publicsoftware development project, The Massachusetts Institute<a name="i285">of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge, MA has, since 1984, supported Richard Stallman's efforts to launch a movement in the software development <a name="i286">community to support the development of free software. This resulted in theestablishment of The Free Software Foundation (the FSF), and its GNU<a name="i287">project. The name GNU follows in an early Unix tradition of using recursiveacronyms as program names, and stands for Gnu's Not Unix. <a name="i288">The FSF continues to be head-quartered at MIT, and has enjoyed amazingsuccess over the last decade with products like GNU C, GNU C++, Emacs, andmany other products, many of which form substantial and key building blocks of the Linux <a name="i289"> operating system. Richard Stallman insists, with some justification, that Linux should correctly be known as a GNU system.<p>There are many other "free software" licenses that some of the code in RedHat Linux has been licensed under. The most popular of these are theUniversity of California at Berkeley BSD License whereby the copyrightholder remains the registered owner but where no restrictions on furtherdistribution are imposed on the user of the code.<p>Also coming from MIT, but not related to the FSF or the GPL, is the XConsortium, which is a Unix industry sponsored effort to build and maintainthe X Window System. In turn, a group called the XFree86 Project has takenon the responsibility to port the X Window System to the Intel platform.<a name="i290"> <a name="i291"> <a name="i292">We have included copies of each of these licenses in the appendix of thismanual for your convenience. Linux is continuing to progress very<a name="i293">rapidly because of the contributions of this world wide development effort,to which you and your company or school are encouraged to contribute.<p><p><hr><a href="doc115.html"><img src=../icons/next.gif alt="Next"></a><a href="doc000.html"><img src=../icons/up.gif alt="Up"></a><a href="doc113.html"><img src=../icons/previous.gif alt="Previous"></a><a href="doc000.html"><img src=../icons/contents.gif alt="Contents"></a><a href="doc123.html"><img src=../icons/index.gif alt="Index"></a><hr></body></html>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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