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📁 Reh Hat user manual. really goooood
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<html><body><a href="doc016.html"><img src=../icons/next.gif alt="Next"></a><a href="doc000.html"><img src=../icons/up.gif alt="Up"></a><a href="doc014.html"><img src=../icons/previous.gif alt="Previous"></a><a href="doc000.html"><img src=../icons/contents.gif alt="Contents"></a><a href="doc123.html"><img src=../icons/index.gif alt="Index"></a><hr><h2><a name="s2.2">2.2 Before You Begin</a></h2><title>Before You Begin</title><p>Before you begin installing Red Hat Linux, you should collect some informationabout your system:<p><ul><p><li>Be familiar with the hardware you have installed in your machine,including:<p>    <ul>        <li><b>hard drive(s)</b>:    number and size; if you have more than one, it's helpful to    know which one is first, second, etc.<p>    <li><b>memory</b>:    amount of RAM.<p>    <li><b>CD-ROM</b>:    its interface type (IDE, SCSI, or other interface), and, for    non-IDE, non-SCSI CD-ROMs, the make and model number.<p>    <li><b>SCSI adapter</b>:    make and model number.        <li><b>network card</b>:    make and model number.<p>    <li><b>mouse</b>:    type (serial, PS/2, or bus mouse), protocol (Logitech,    Microsoft, MouseMan, etc.), and number of buttons; also, for serial    mice, the com port it is connected to.<p>    </ul><p>Also, if you will be installing the X Window System, you should befamiliar with the following:<p>    <ul>        <li><b>your video card</b>:    make and model number or video chipset, amount of video RAM.        <li><b>your monitor</b>:    make and model number, allowable range of horizontal and    vertical refresh rates.<p>    </ul><p>You can find most of the above information in the documentationaccompanying your system or from your system's vendor or manufacturer.<p><b>Please Note:</b> Current information about what hardware is supported byRed Hat Linux/Intel is available via Red Hat Software's World Wide Web site at<tt><a href="http://www.redhat.com/hardware/">http://www.redhat.com/hardware/</a></tt>.<p><li>If you will be connected to a network, be sure you know your IPaddress, netmask, gateway IP address, name server IP addresses, domainname, and hostname.  If you don't know these values, ask your networkadministrator.<p><li>If Red Hat Linux/Intel will coexist on your machine with OS/2<a name="i10">, youmust create your disk partitions with the OS/2 partitioningsoftware---otherwise, OS/2 may not recognize the disk partitions.During the installation, do not create any new partitions, but do setthe proper partition types for your Linux partitions using the Linux<tt>fdisk</tt>.<p><li>If you plan to use LILO (the LInux LOader) to boot your Red Hat Linux system,see Section <a href="doc017.html#s2.4.19">2.4.19</a>, <em>LILO Installation</em>, forguidelines that might affect your partitioning plans.<p></ul><p>Please read all of the installation instructions <em>before</em> starting;this will prepare you for any decisions you need to make and shouldeliminate potential surprises.<p><h3><a name="s2.2.1">2.2.1 Installation Methods</a></h3><title>Installation Methods</title><p>You can install or upgrade Red Hat Linux/Intel via any of several basicmethods. Depending on the method you use, you need either one or twoformatted high-density (1.44 MB) 3.5-inch diskettes.<p>Installing from CD-ROM or via NFS requires only a boot diskette.Installing from a hard drive, via FTP, from an SMB volume, or from aPCMCIA device (including PCMCIA-based CD-ROMs) requires both a bootdiskette and a supplemental diskette.  Section <a href="doc016.html#s2.3.1">2.3.1</a> belowexplains how to create boot and supplemental diskettes.<a name="i11"><a name="i12"><p><dl><p><dt><b>CD-ROM</b><dd><a name="i13">If you have a Red Hat Linux CD and a boot diskette you will need a supportedCD-ROM drive and either a 3.5 inch floppy drive or an operationalinstallation of MS-DOS on your machine in order to run the installationutility. If a boot diskette did not accompany your CD, you will needaccess to a computer running either Linux or MS-DOS to create a bootdiskette from the CD.<p><dt><b>NFS</b><dd><a name="i14">If you wish to install over a network, you will need to mount theRed Hat Linux CD-ROM on a machine that supports ISO-9660 file systems withRock Ridge extensions. The machine must also support NFS.  Export theCD-ROM file system via NFS. You will need to have nameservicesconfigured, or know the NFS server's IP address, and the path to theexported CD-ROM.<p><dt><b>FTP</b><dd><a name="i15">For an FTP install, you must have a boot disk and supplemental disk.You will need to have a valid nameserver configured or the IP addressof the FTP server you will be using.  You will also need the path tothe root of the Red Hat Linux directory on the FTP site.<p><dt><b>SMB Shared Volume</b><dd><a name="i16">If you wish to install from an SMB shared volume, you will need tomount the Red Hat Linux CD-ROM on a Microsoft Windows NT or Windows 95 serverthat supports shared volumes.  You will need to have nameservicesconfigured, or know the server's IP address; you will also need thename of the shared volume containing the Red Hat Linux CD-ROM and the accountnumber and password to use to access the volume.<p><dt><b>Hard Drive</b><dd><a name="i17">To install Red Hat Linux from a hard drive you will need the same bootand supplemental disks used by the FTP install.  You must first create a<tt>RedHat</tt> directory at the top level of your directory tree.  Everything you will install should be placed in that directory.  First copy the <tt>base</tt> subdirectory, then copy the packagesyou want to install to another subdirectory called <tt>RPMS</tt>. You can use available space on an existing DOS partition or a Linux partition that is not required in the install procedure (for example, a partition that would be used for data storage on the installed system).  <p>If you are using a DOS filesystem, you may not be able to use the fullLinux filenames for the <tt>RPM</tt> packages.  The installation processdoes not care what the filenames look like, but it is a good idea thatyou keep track of them so you will know what you are installing.<p><dt><b>PCMCIA</b><dd><a name="i18">If your CD-ROM, ethernet card, or local hard disk is connected to aPCMCIA adapter, you must install with PCMCIA support.  You need asupported PCMCIA controller and a supported PCMCIA SCSI adapter orethernet card.  Installing via PCMCIA requires the use of asupplemental diskette.<p></dl><p><h3><a name="s2.2.2">2.2.2 A Note About Kernel Drivers</a></h3><title>A Note About Kernel Drivers</title><p>During installation of Red Hat Linux, there are some limits placed on thefilesystems and other drivers supported by the kernel.  However, afterinstallation there is support for all file systems available underLinux.  At install time the modularized kernel has support for (E)IDEdevices, (including ATAPI CD-ROM drives), SCSI adapters, and networkcards.  Additionally, all mice, SLIP, CSLIP, PPP, PLIP, FPU emulation,console selection, ELF, SysV IPC, IP forwarding, firewalling andaccounting, reverse ARP, QIC tape and parallel printers, are supported.<a name="i19"><a name="i20"><a name="i21"><a name="i22"><a name="i23"><p>After the installation is complete you may want to rebuild a kernelthat includes support only for your hardware.  See Chapter<a href="doc036.html#s5">5</a>, Section <a href="doc037.html#s5.1">5.1</a> for informationon how to build a customized kernel. <p><h3><a name="s2.2.3">2.2.3 Disk Partitions</a></h3><title>Disk Partitions</title><a name="i24"><p>To install Red Hat Linux, you must have disk space available for it to``live'' in.  This disk space needs to be separate from the disk spaceused by other operating systems you may have installed on your computer(e.g., MS-DOS, OS/2, a different version of Linux, or anotherwell-known operating system which we won't name).  The way to make diskspace available is by dividing it into <em>partitions</em>.<p>You may wish to install Red Hat Linux on its own hard disk, or even on acomputer which contains no other operating system.  In that case, youcan use the Red Hat Linux installation system to create the disk partitionsyou need.<p>Alternatively, you may wish to install Red Hat Linux on a disk which alreadycontains software or data from a different operating system; how tocreate the disk partitions you need depends on what other operatingsystem is present.<p><h4><a name="s2.2.3.1">2.2.3.1 Disk Partitions and MS-DOS</a></h4><title>Disk Partitions and MS-DOS</title><p>Most MS-DOS systems, as they come from the vendor, have one hard diskwhich contains one large partition.  In order to install Red Hat Linux, youneed to make that partition smaller, and then create a partition forRed Hat Linux in the space that's left.  There are two ways to accomplish this:<p><dl><p><dt><b>Destructive Repartitioning</b><dd>This procedure destroys any data in the disk partition(s) you areresizing; you should make a complete, reliable backup of everything youwish to keep from the disk you are repartitioning.  Then, use theMS-DOS disk partitioning utility, called <tt>fdisk</tt>, to delete thelarge partition and create a smaller MS-DOS partition.  Restore yourdata to the new partition from your backup.<p><dt><b>Non-Destructive Repartitioning</b><dd>This procedure is not supposed to destroy data in the disk partition(s)you are resizing; however, we recommend making reliable backups of datayou wish to keep in any case.  You can use the <tt>fips</tt> utility,included on the Red Hat Linux CD in the <tt>dosutils</tt> directory, to resizeyour MS-DOS partition; we highly recommend reading the <tt>fips</tt>documentation, located the the <tt>fipsdocs</tt> subdirectory, beforedoing so.<p></dl><p>After repartitioning, you can use the Red Hat Linux installation system tocreate partitions for your Red Hat Linux system as described in<em>Step-By-Step Installation</em>.<p><h4><a name="s2.2.3.2">2.2.3.2 Disk Partitions and Other Operating Systems</a></h4><title>Disk Partitions and Other Operating Systems</title><p>Information on creating disk partitions to be compatible with otheroperating systems is available in several HOWTOs and Mini-HOWTOs,available on the Red Hat Linux CD in the <tt>doc/HOWTO</tt> and<tt>doc/HOWTO/mini</tt> directories.<p><h4><a name="s2.2.3.3">2.2.3.3 How Many Partitions?</a></h4><title>How Many Partitions?</title><p>If you wish to, you can install Red Hat Linux in a single large partition.However, we recommend<a name="i25"> the following(<b>Please Note:</b> If you plan to install all the software packagesaccompanying Red Hat Linux, you may need to use even larger partitions):<p><dl><p><dt><b>A swap partition</b><dd> for virtual memory.  If your computer has 16 MBof memory or less, you must create a <em>swap partition</em>; even ifyou have more memory, a swap partition is recommended.  The size ofyour swap partition should be at least 16 MB or the same as the amountof memory in your computer, whichever is larger.<p><dt><b>A root partition</b><dd> to be mounted as <tt>/</tt> (the root directory)when your Red Hat Linux system boots; it only needs to contain thingsnecessary to boot your system, as well as system configuration files.50--80 MB works well for most systems.<p><dt><b>A <tt>/usr</tt> partition,</b><dd> where much of the software on a Red Hat Linuxsystem lives; this partition should be 200--500 MB, depending on howmany packages you plan to install.<p><dt><b>A <tt>/home</tt> partition,</b><dd> where users' <em>home directories</em>go; the size of <tt>/home</tt> depends mostly on how many users you planto have on your Red Hat Linux system and what they might store in their homedirectories.<p></dl><p>Additionally, you may wish to create any of the following:<p><dl><p><dt><b>A <tt>/tmp</tt> partition</b><dd> for temporary files.  This is a good ideafor larger, multiuser systems or network server machines.<p><dt><b>A <tt>/usr/src</tt> partition</b><dd> if you wish to install a large amountof the source code included with Red Hat Linux.<p><dt><b>A <tt>/usr/local</tt> partition</b><dd> to hold things you wish to keepseparate from the rest of your Red Hat Linux system, such as software that isnot available as an RPM package.<p></dl><p><p><hr><a href="doc016.html"><img src=../icons/next.gif alt="Next"></a><a href="doc000.html"><img src=../icons/up.gif alt="Up"></a><a href="doc014.html"><img src=../icons/previous.gif alt="Previous"></a><a href="doc000.html"><img src=../icons/contents.gif alt="Contents"></a><a href="doc123.html"><img src=../icons/index.gif alt="Index"></a><hr></body></html>
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