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<p><p><a name="f8"></a><center><img src="img005.gif"></center><p><center>Figure 8:Installing via NFS</center><p>

<p><h3><a name="s2.4.6">2.4.6 Upgrading or Installing</a></h3>
<title>Upgrading or Installing</title>



<p>After you choose an installation method (and, if you're installing via
NFS or SMB volume, after you configure networking information), the
installation program prompts you to either <em>install</em> or
<em>upgrade</em> (see Figure <a href="doc017.html#f9">9</a>).

<p><h4><a name="s2.4.6.1">2.4.6.1 Installing</a></h4>
<title>Installing</title>


<p>You usually install Red Hat Linux on a clean disk partition or set of
partitions, or over another installation of Linux.  Installing Red Hat Linux
over another installation of Linux (including Red Hat Linux) does not preserve
any of the prior installation.

<p>If you wish to perform a full install, choose <b>Install</b>.

<p><h4><a name="s2.4.6.2">2.4.6.2 Upgrading</a></h4>
<title>Upgrading</title>


<p>The installation process for Red Hat Linux 4.2 includes the ability to
upgrade from prior versions of Red Hat Linux (2.0, 2.1, 3.0.3, and 4.0) which
are based on RPM technology.  Upgrading your system installs the
modular 2.0.<em>x</em> kernel as well as updated versions of the packages
which are installed on your machine. The upgrade process preserves
existing configuration files using a <tt>.rpmsave</tt> extenstion (e.g.,
<tt>sendmail.cf.rpmsave</tt>) and leaves a log telling what actions it
took in <tt>/tmp/upgradelog</tt>. As software evolves, configuration file
formats can change, so you should carefully compare your original
configuration files to the new files before integrating your changes. 


<p>If you wish to upgrade your Red Hat Linux/Intel system, choose
<b>Upgrade</b>.  

<p><b>Please Note:</b> Some upgraded packages may ``depend'' on other packages
which may not be installed on your system.  The upgrade procedure takes
care of these <em>dependencies</em>, but it may need to install additional
packages in order to satisfy them.

<p><p><a name="f9"></a><center><img src="img006.gif"></center><p><center>Figure 9:Upgrading or Installing</center><p>

<p><h3><a name="s2.4.7">2.4.7 SCSI Support</a></h3>
<title>SCSI Support</title>


<a name="i50">

<p>After you choose whether to perform an upgrade or a full install, the
installation program asks you whether you have any SCSI adapters.  If
you choose <b>Yes</b>, the following dialog presents a list of SCSI
drivers. Choose the driver that most closely resembles your SCSI
adapter. The installation program then gives you an opportunity to
specify options for the SCSI driver you selected; most SCSI drivers
detect your hardware automatically, however.

<p><h3><a name="s2.4.8">2.4.8 If You Are Installing via FTP or SMB</a></h3>
<title>If You Are Installing via FTP or SMB</title>


<a name="i51">

<p>If you are not installing Red Hat Linux via FTP or via an SMB volume, you may
skip to Section <a href="doc017.html#s2.4.9">2.4.9</a> below.

<p><h4><a name="s2.4.8.1">2.4.8.1 Choosing a Network Driver</a></h4>
<title>Choosing a Network Driver</title>


<p>If you are installing via FTP or via an SMB volume, you must have a supported network card
installed in your computer.  The installation program prompts you to
choose the driver that supports your network card and to specify any
options necessary for the driver to locate and recognize the card. Most
of the time, the driver can locate the card automatically by
<em>probing</em>; however, it is possible that probing your hardware
might cause your machine to hang.  If this happens, reboot the machine,
start the installation again, and specify additional driver options
when you get to this step (see Appendix <a href="doc076.html#sA">A</a>).


<p><h4><a name="s2.4.8.2">2.4.8.2 Configuring TCP/IP Networking</a></h4>
<title>Configuring TCP/IP Networking</title>


<p>After the installation program has found your network card, it presents
several dialogs for configuring TCP/IP networking.  This information is
only used during the installation process; you will be able to
configure permanent networking information later.   This feature allows greater flexibility if you want to install from a
network other than the one where the machine will ``live''.  Figure
<a href="doc017.html#f5">5</a> contains example networking information. 

<p>The first dialog asks you for IP and other network addresses (see
Figure <a href="doc017.html#f6">6</a>).  Enter the <b>IP address</b> you are
using during installation and press <tt>[Enter]</tt>.  The installation
program attempts to guess your <b>Netmask</b> based on your IP
address; you may change the netmask if it is incorrect.  Press
<tt>[Enter]</tt>.  The installation program guesses the <b>Default
gateway</b> and <b>Primary nameserver</b> addresses from your IP address
and netmask; you may change them if they are incorrect. Choose
<b>OK</b> to continue.


<p>The second dialog prompts you for a domain name, a hostname, and other
networking information (see Figure <a href="doc017.html#f7">7</a>). Enter the
<b>Domain name</b> for your system and press <tt>[Enter]</tt>; the
installation program carries the domain name down to the <b>Host
name</b> field.  Enter the hostname you are using in front of the domain
name to form a fully qualified domain name (FQDN). If your network has
more than one nameserver, you may enter IP addresses for additional
nameservers in the <b>Secondary nameserver</b> and <b>Tertiary
nameserver</b> fields. Choose <b>OK</b> to continue.


<p><h4><a name="s2.4.8.3">2.4.8.3 FTP Server Information</a></h4>
<title>FTP Server Information</title>


<p>If you're installing via FTP, the next dialog requests information
about the FTP server (see Figure <a href="doc017.html#f10">10</a>).  Enter the
name or IP address of the FTP site you are installing from, and the
name of the directory there which contains the <tt>RedHat</tt> directory
for your architecture. For example, if the FTP site contains the
directory <tt>/pub/mirrors/redhat/i386/RedHat</tt>, enter
<tt>/pub/mirrors/redhat/i386</tt>.  If you are not using anonymous FTP, or
if you need to use a proxy FTP server (if you're behind a firewall, for
example), another dialog requests the FTP account or proxy information.

<p><p><a name="f10"></a><center><img src="img007.gif"></center><p><center>Figure 10:Installing via FTP</center><p>

<p><h4><a name="s2.4.8.4">2.4.8.4 SMB Server Information</a></h4>
<title>SMB Server Information</title>


<p>If you're installing via SMB volume, the next dialog requests
information about the SMB server (see Figure <a href="doc017.html#f11">11</a>).
Enter the name or IP address of your SMB server, the name of the shared
volume which contains the Red Hat Linux CD, and the account name and password
for the volume.

<p><p><a name="f11"></a><center><img src="img008.gif"></center><p><center>Figure 11:Installing via SMB volume</center><p>

<p><h3><a name="s2.4.9">2.4.9 Creating Partitions for Red Hat Linux</a></h3>
<title>Creating Partitions for Red Hat Linux</title>



<p>After choosing whether to use SCSI support (and, if you're installing
via FTP, after you configure networking information), the installation
program presents a list of the hard disks it can find on your system
and prompts you to set aside at least one disk partition for Red Hat Linux. If
you need to create one or more partitions, select the disk you wish to
partition and press <tt>[Enter]</tt>; the installation program starts the
Linux <tt>fdisk</tt> utility.  Please see Section <a href="doc015.html#s2.2.3">2.2.3</a>
for recommendations about partitions for Red Hat Linux.

<p><h4><a name="s2.4.9.1">2.4.9.1 Using <tt>fdisk</tt></a></h4>
<title>Using <tt>fdisk</tt></title>


<p><tt>fdisk</tt> includes online help which is terse but useful.  Here are a
few tips:

<p><ul>

<p><li>
To list the current partition table, use the <tt>p</tt> command.  To add a
new partition, use <tt>n</tt>.

<p><li>
Linux <tt>fdisk</tt> creates partitions of type <tt>Linux native</tt> by
default. When you create a swap partition, don't forget to change it to
type <tt>Linux swap</tt> using the <tt>t</tt> command.

<p><li>
Linux allows up to four (4) partitions on one disk. If you wish to
create more than that, one of the four may be an <em>extended</em>
partition, which in turn contains one or more <em>logical</em>
partitions.  Since it acts as a container, the extended partition must
span all of the space that the logical partitions will take up.

<p><li>
It's a good idea to write down which partitions (e.g., <tt>/dev/hda2</tt>)
are meant for which filesystems (e.g., <tt>/usr</tt>) as you create each
one.

<p><li>
<b>Please Note:</b> None of the changes you make take effect until you save them
and exit <tt>fdisk</tt> using the <tt>w</tt> command.  You may quit <tt>fdisk</tt>
at any time without saving changes using the <tt>q</tt> command.

<p></ul>

<p><h4><a name="s2.4.9.2">2.4.9.2 Numbering Partitions</a></h4>
<title>Numbering Partitions</title>


<p>Linux refers to disk partitions using a combination of letters and
numbers which may be confusing to inexperienced users.  Here is a
summary:

<p><dl>

<p><dt><b>The letters</b><dd> denote the device the partition is on, e.g.,
<tt>/dev/hda</tt> (the first IDE hard disk) or <tt>/dev/sdb</tt> (the second
SCSI disk).

<p><dt><b>The number</b><dd> denotes the partition.  The first four (primary or
extended) partitions are numbered <tt>1</tt> through <tt>4</tt>.  Logical
partitions start at <tt>5</tt>.  E.g., <tt>/dev/hda3</tt> is the third
primary or extended partition on the first IDE hard disk;
<tt>/dev/sdb6</tt> is the second logical partition on the second SCSI hard
disk.

<p></dl>

<p><h4><a name="s2.4.9.3">2.4.9.3 Changing the Partition Table</a></h4>
<title>Changing the Partition Table</title>


<p>When you are finished partitioning your disks, press <b>Done</b>; you
may see a message indicating that the installation program needs to
reboot.  This is a normal occurrence after changing a disk's partition
data; it usually happens if you created, changed, or deleted any
extended partitions. After you press <b>OK</b>, your machine will
reboot.  Follow the same installation steps you did up until
<b>Partitioning Disks</b>; then simply choose <b>Done</b>.

<p><h3><a name="s2.4.10">2.4.10 Initializing Swap Space</a></h3>
<title>Initializing Swap Space</title>


<p>After creating partitions for Red Hat Linux, the installation program looks
for swap partitions.  If it finds any, it asks whether you want to
initialize them.  Select the partition(s) you wish to initialize as
swap space using <tt>[Space]</tt>; if you wish to check the partitions for
bad blocks, make sure the <b>Check for bad blocks during format</b>
box is checked.  Choose <b>OK</b>.

<p>If the installation program can't find your swap partition, make sure
you have set the partition type to <tt>Linux swap</tt>; see Section
<a href="doc017.html#s2.4.9">2.4.9</a> above.

<p><h3><a name="s2.4.11">2.4.11 Filesystem Configuration</a></h3>
<title>Filesystem Configuration</title>


<p>Since Red Hat Linux may be distributed across several disk partitions, you
need to choose which disk partitions go with which <em>filesystem</em>.

<p><h4><a name="s2.4.11.1">2.4.11.1 Selecting the Root Partition</a></h4>
<title>Selecting the Root Partition</title>


<p>If you are performing a full install, the installation program presents
a list of the Linux partitions it can find and prompts you to choose a
<em>root partition</em>.  The root partition (or <em>root
filesystem</em>) is the one which holds everything necessary to boot your
Red Hat Linux system; it is mounted on <tt>/</tt> (the <em>root directory</em>)
when your system boots.  Select the root partition you wish to use and
press <tt>[Enter]</tt>.

<p>If you are performing an upgrade, the installation program tries to
find your root partition automatically; if it finds one, it goes on to
the next step.

<p><h4><a name="s2.4.11.2">2.4.11.2 Other Partitions</a></h4>
<title>Other Partitions</title>


<p>The next dialog presents a list of most of the disk partitions on your
system (including MS-DOS and other partitions Linux can read), giving
you the opportunity to assign other partitions to different parts of
the filesystem.  The partitions you assign will be automatically