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<H3>Ackley's Path function</H3>
Ackley's Path is a widely used multimodal test function.
<H4>function definition</H4>
f(x)=-a積xp(-b穝qrt(1/n穝um(x(i)^2)))-exp(1/n穝um(cos(c穢(i))))+a+exp(1)<p>
a=20; b=0.2; c=2穚i; i=1:n; <p>
-32.768<=x(i)<=32.768.<p>
<H4>global minimum</H4>
f(x)=0; x(i)=0, i=1:n.<p>
<p>
<H3>Schwefel's function</H3>
Schwefel's function is deceptive in that the global minimum is geometrically distant, over the parameter space, from the next best local minima. Therefore, the search algorithms are potentially prone to convergence in the wrong direction.
<H4>function definition</H4>
f(x)=sum(-x(i)穝in(sqrt(abs(x(i))))), i=1:n;<p>
-500<=x(i)<=500. <p>
<H4>global minimum</H4>
f(x)=-n
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