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📁 Perl 编程技巧大全。适合初学者阅读。
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color=3D#ffa500>die</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00cd00>"usage: foodfind =
food_or_color\n"</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>

<FONT color=3D#cdcd00>%color</FONT> =3D <FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>
           <FONT color=3D#00cd00>"Apple"</FONT>  =3D&gt; <FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>"red"</FONT>,
           <FONT color=3D#00cd00>"Banana"</FONT> =3D&gt; <FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>"yellow"</FONT>,
           <FONT color=3D#00cd00>"Lemon"</FONT>  =3D&gt; <FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>"yellow"</FONT>,<FONT color=3D#43cd80>           </FONT>
           <FONT color=3D#00cd00>"Carrot"</FONT> =3D&gt; <FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>"orange"</FONT>
         <FONT color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT><FONT color=3D#43cd80>    =
</FONT>

<FONT color=3D#cdcd00>%food</FONT> =3D <FONT =
color=3D#98fb98>reverse</FONT> <FONT color=3D#cdcd00>%color</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT><FONT color=3D#43cd80>    </FONT>

<FONT color=3D#ffa500>if</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#ff7f50>exists</FONT> <FONT color=3D#cdcd00>$color</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>{</FONT>$given<FONT color=3D#00ffff>})</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>{</FONT>
        <FONT color=3D#ff7f50>print</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00cd00>"$given =
is a food with color </FONT><FONT color=3D#cdcd00>$color</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>{$given}.\n"</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#00ffff>}</FONT><FONT color=3D#43cd80>    </FONT>
<FONT color=3D#ffa500>if</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#ff7f50>exists</FONT> <FONT color=3D#cdcd00>$food</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>{</FONT>$given<FONT color=3D#00ffff>})</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>{</FONT>
        <FONT color=3D#ff7f50>print</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>"</FONT><FONT color=3D#cdcd00>$food</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>{$given} is a food with color $given.\n"</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#00ffff>}</FONT>


<FONT color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
# </FONT><FONT color=3D#cdcd00>%food_color</FONT><FONT color=3D#bebebe> =
as per the introduction
</FONT><FONT color=3D#ffa500>while</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>((</FONT>$food,$color<FONT color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT> =3D =
<FONT color=3D#ff7f50>each</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#cdcd00>%food_color</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>))</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>{</FONT>
    <FONT color=3D#ff7f50>push</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>@<FONT color=3D#00ffff>{</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#cdcd00>$foods_with_color</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>{</FONT>$color<FONT color=3D#00ffff>}}</FONT>, =
$food<FONT color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#00ffff>}</FONT>

<FONT color=3D#ff7f50>print</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00cd00>"@{</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#cdcd00>$foods_with_color</FONT><FONT color=3D#00cd00>{yellow}} =
were yellow foods.\n"</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#bebebe># Banana Lemon were yellow foods.
#-----------------------------
</FONT></PRE></FONT></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV>
<DIV class=3DSECT2>
<H2 class=3DSECT2><A name=3DAEN259>Sorting a Hash</A></H2>
<TABLE width=3D"100%" bgColor=3D#2f4f4f border=3D0>
  <TBODY>
  <TR>
    <TD><PRE class=3DSCREEN><FONT color=3D#f5deb3 size=3D+1><FONT =
color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
# </FONT><FONT color=3D#cdcd00>%HASH</FONT><FONT color=3D#bebebe> is the =
hash to sort
</FONT><FONT color=3D#cdad00>@keys</FONT> =3D <FONT =
color=3D#ff7f50>sort</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00ffff>{</FONT> =
criterion<FONT color=3D#00ffff>()</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00ffff>}</FONT> =
<FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT><FONT color=3D#ff7f50>keys</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#cdcd00>%hash</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#ffa500>foreach</FONT> <FONT color=3D#9ac0cd>$key</FONT> =
<FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT><FONT color=3D#cdad00>@keys</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00ffff>{</FONT>
    $value =3D <FONT color=3D#cdcd00>$hash</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>{</FONT>$key<FONT color=3D#00ffff>};</FONT>
    <FONT color=3D#bebebe># do something with $key, $value
</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>}</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
</FONT><FONT color=3D#ffa500>foreach</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#9ac0cd>$food</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#ff7f50>sort</FONT> <FONT color=3D#ff7f50>keys</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#cdcd00>%food_color</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>{</FONT>
    <FONT color=3D#ff7f50>print</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00cd00>"$food is =
</FONT><FONT color=3D#cdcd00>$food_color</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>{$food}.\n"</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#00ffff>}</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
</FONT><FONT color=3D#ffa500>foreach</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#9ac0cd>$food</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#ff7f50>sort</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00ffff>{</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#cdcd00>$food_color</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>{</FONT>$a<FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>}</FONT> <FONT color=3D#98fb98>cmp</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#cdcd00>$food_color</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>{</FONT>$b<FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>}</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00ffff>}</FONT>
                <FONT color=3D#ff7f50>keys</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#cdcd00>%food_color</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#43cd80> </FONT>
<FONT color=3D#00ffff>{</FONT>
    <FONT color=3D#ff7f50>print</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00cd00>"$food is =
</FONT><FONT color=3D#cdcd00>$food_color</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>{$food}.\n"</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#00ffff>}</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
</FONT><FONT color=3D#cdad00>@foods</FONT> =3D <FONT =
color=3D#ff7f50>sort</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00ffff>{</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#98fb98>length</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#cdcd00>$food_color</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>{</FONT>$a<FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>})</FONT> &lt;=3D&gt; <FONT =
color=3D#98fb98>length</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#cdcd00>$food_color</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>{</FONT>$b<FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>})</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00ffff>}</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#43cd80> </FONT>
    <FONT color=3D#ff7f50>keys</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#cdcd00>%food_color</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#ffa500>foreach</FONT> <FONT color=3D#9ac0cd>$food</FONT> =
<FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT><FONT color=3D#cdad00>@foods</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00ffff>{</FONT>
    <FONT color=3D#ff7f50>print</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00cd00>"$food is =
</FONT><FONT color=3D#cdcd00>$food_color</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>{$food}.\n"</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#00ffff>}</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
</FONT></PRE></FONT></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV>
<DIV class=3DSECT2>
<H2 class=3DSECT2><A name=3DAEN262>Merging Hashes</A></H2>
<TABLE width=3D"100%" bgColor=3D#2f4f4f border=3D0>
  <TBODY>
  <TR>
    <TD><PRE class=3DSCREEN><FONT color=3D#f5deb3 size=3D+1><FONT =
color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
</FONT><FONT color=3D#cdcd00>%merged</FONT> =3D <FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT><FONT color=3D#cdcd00>%A</FONT>, <FONT =
color=3D#cdcd00>%B</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
</FONT><FONT color=3D#cdcd00>%merged</FONT> =3D <FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>();</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#ffa500>while</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>$k,$v<FONT color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT> =3D <FONT =
color=3D#ff7f50>each</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#cdcd00>%A</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00ffff>{</FONT>
    <FONT color=3D#cdcd00>$merged</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>{</FONT>$k<FONT color=3D#00ffff>}</FONT> =3D $v<FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#00ffff>}</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#ffa500>while</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>$k,$v<FONT color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT> =3D <FONT =
color=3D#ff7f50>each</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#cdcd00>%B</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00ffff>{</FONT>
    <FONT color=3D#cdcd00>$merged</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>{</FONT>$k<FONT color=3D#00ffff>}</FONT> =3D $v<FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#00ffff>}</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
# </FONT><FONT color=3D#cdcd00>%food_color</FONT><FONT color=3D#bebebe> =
as per the introduction
</FONT><FONT color=3D#cdcd00>%drink_color</FONT> =3D <FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00cd00>Galliano</FONT>  =3D&gt; =
<FONT color=3D#00cd00>"yellow"</FONT>,
                 <FONT color=3D#00cd00>"Mai Tai"</FONT> =3D&gt; <FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>"blue"</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>

<FONT color=3D#cdcd00>%ingested_color</FONT> =3D <FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT><FONT color=3D#cdcd00>%drink_color</FONT>, <FONT =
color=3D#cdcd00>%food_color</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
# </FONT><FONT color=3D#cdcd00>%food_color</FONT><FONT color=3D#bebebe> =
per the introduction, then
</FONT><FONT color=3D#cdcd00>%drink_color</FONT> =3D <FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00cd00>Galliano</FONT>  =3D&gt; =
<FONT color=3D#00cd00>"yellow"</FONT>,
                 <FONT color=3D#00cd00>"Mai Tai"</FONT> =3D&gt; <FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>"blue"</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>

<FONT color=3D#cdcd00>%substance_color</FONT> =3D <FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>();</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#ffa500>while</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00ffff>((</FONT>$k, =
$v<FONT color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT> =3D <FONT color=3D#ff7f50>each</FONT> =
<FONT color=3D#cdcd00>%food_color</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT> =
<FONT color=3D#00ffff>{</FONT>
    <FONT color=3D#cdcd00>$substance_color</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>{</FONT>$k<FONT color=3D#00ffff>}</FONT> =3D $v<FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#00ffff>}</FONT><FONT color=3D#43cd80> </FONT>
<FONT color=3D#ffa500>while</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00ffff>((</FONT>$k, =
$v<FONT color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT> =3D <FONT color=3D#ff7f50>each</FONT> =
<FONT color=3D#cdcd00>%drink_color</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT> =
<FONT color=3D#00ffff>{</FONT>
    <FONT color=3D#cdcd00>$substance_color</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>{</FONT>$k<FONT color=3D#00ffff>}</FONT> =3D $v<FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#00ffff>}</FONT><FONT color=3D#43cd80> </FONT>
<FONT color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
</FONT><FONT color=3D#ffa500>foreach</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#9ac0cd>$substanceref</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT> =
\<FONT color=3D#cdcd00>%food_color</FONT>, \<FONT =
color=3D#cdcd00>%drink_color</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>{</FONT>
    <FONT color=3D#ffa500>while</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>((</FONT>$k, $v<FONT color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT> =3D <FONT =
color=3D#ff7f50>each</FONT> %$substanceref<FONT color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT> =
<FONT color=3D#00ffff>{</FONT>
        <FONT color=3D#cdcd00>$substance_color</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>{</FONT>$k<FONT color=3D#00ffff>}</FONT> =3D $v<FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
    <FONT color=3D#00ffff>}</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#00ffff>}</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
</FONT><FONT color=3D#ffa500>foreach</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#9ac0cd>$substanceref</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT> =
\<FONT color=3D#cdcd00>%food_color</FONT>, \<FONT =
color=3D#cdcd00>%drink_color</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>{</FONT>
    <FONT color=3D#ffa500>while</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>((</FONT>$k, $v<FONT color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT> =3D <FONT =
color=3D#ff7f50>each</FONT> %$substanceref<FONT color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT> =
<FONT color=3D#00ffff>{</FONT>
        <FONT color=3D#ffa500>if</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT><FONT color=3D#ff7f50>exists</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#cdcd00>$substance_color</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>{</FONT>$k<FONT color=3D#00ffff>})</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>{</FONT>
            <FONT color=3D#ff7f50>print</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>"Warning: $k seen twice.  Using the first =
definition.\n"</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
            <FONT color=3D#ffa500>next</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
        <FONT color=3D#00ffff>}</FONT>
        <FONT color=3D#cdcd00>$substance_color</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>{</FONT>$k<FONT color=3D#00ffff>}</FONT> =3D $v<FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
    <FONT color=3D#00ffff>}</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#00ffff>}</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
</FONT><FONT color=3D#cdcd00>@all_colors</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>{</FONT><FONT color=3D#ff7f50>keys</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#cdcd00>%new_colors</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>}</FONT> =3D =
<FONT color=3D#98fb98>values</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#cdcd00>%new_colors</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
</FONT></PRE></FONT></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV>
<DIV class=3DSECT2>
<H2 class=3DSECT2><A name=3DAEN265>Finding Common or Different Keys in =
Two=20
Hashes</A></H2>
<TABLE width=3D"100%" bgColor=3D#2f4f4f border=3D0>
  <TBODY>
  <TR>
    <TD><PRE class=3DSCREEN><FONT color=3D#f5deb3 size=3D+1><FONT =
color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
</FONT><FONT color=3D#ffa500>my</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#cdad00>@common</FONT> =3D <FONT color=3D#00ffff>();</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#ffa500>foreach</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#ff7f50>keys</FONT> <FONT color=3D#cdcd00>%hash1</FONT><FONT =
12345

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