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Subject: Sockets
Date: Wed, 29 Apr 2009 09:27:53 +0800
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<DIV class=3DSECT1>
<H1 class=3DSECT1><A name=3DSOCKETS>17. Sockets</A></H1>
<DIV class=3DSECT2>
<H2 class=3DSECT2><A name=3DAEN919>Introduction</A></H2>
<TABLE width=3D"100%" bgColor=3D#2f4f4f border=3D0>
  <TBODY>
  <TR>
    <TD><PRE class=3DSCREEN><FONT color=3D#f5deb3 size=3D+1><FONT =
color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
</FONT><FONT color=3D#ffa500>use</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#b2dfee>Socket</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>

$packed_ip   =3D inet_aton<FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>"208.146.240.1"</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>
$socket_name =3D sockaddr_in<FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>$port, =
$packed_ip<FONT color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
</FONT><FONT color=3D#ffa500>use</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#b2dfee>Socket</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>

$socket_name =3D sockaddr_un<FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>"/tmp/mysock"</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>$port, $packed_ip<FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT> =3D sockaddr_in<FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>$socket_name<FONT color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>    =
<FONT color=3D#bebebe># for PF_INET sockets
</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>$filename<FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT>         =3D sockaddr_un<FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>$socket_name<FONT color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>    =
<FONT color=3D#bebebe># for PF_UNIX sockets
#-----------------------------
</FONT>$ip_address =3D inet_ntoa<FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>$packed_ip<FONT color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>
$packed_ip  =3D inet_aton<FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>"204.148.40.9"</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>
$packed_ip  =3D inet_aton<FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>"www.oreilly.com"</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
</FONT></PRE></FONT></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV>
<DIV class=3DSECT2>
<H2 class=3DSECT2><A name=3DAEN922>Writing a TCP Client</A></H2>
<TABLE width=3D"100%" bgColor=3D#2f4f4f border=3D0>
  <TBODY>
  <TR>
    <TD><PRE class=3DSCREEN><FONT color=3D#f5deb3 size=3D+1><FONT =
color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
</FONT><FONT color=3D#ffa500>use</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#b2dfee>IO::Socket</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>

$socket =3D IO::Socket::INET-&gt;new<FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>PeerAddr</FONT> =3D&gt; $remote_host,
                                <FONT color=3D#00cd00>PeerPort</FONT> =
=3D&gt; $remote_port,
                                <FONT color=3D#00cd00>Proto</FONT>    =
=3D&gt; <FONT color=3D#00cd00>"tcp"</FONT>,
                                <FONT color=3D#00cd00>Type</FONT>     =
=3D&gt; SOCK_STREAM<FONT color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT>
    <FONT color=3D#98fb98>or</FONT> <FONT color=3D#ffa500>die</FONT> =
<FONT color=3D#00cd00>"Couldn't connect to $remote_host:$remote_port : =
$@\n"</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>

<FONT color=3D#bebebe># ... do something with the socket
</FONT><FONT color=3D#ff7f50>print</FONT> $socket <FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>"Why don't you call me anymore?\n"</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>

$answer =3D &lt;$socket&gt;<FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>

<FONT color=3D#bebebe># and terminate the connection when we're done
</FONT><FONT color=3D#98fb98>close</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>$socket<FONT color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
</FONT><FONT color=3D#ffa500>use</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#b2dfee>Socket</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>

<FONT color=3D#bebebe># create a socket
</FONT><FONT color=3D#98fb98>socket</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>TO_SERVER, PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, <FONT =
color=3D#98fb98>getprotobyname</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>'tcp'</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>));</FONT>

<FONT color=3D#bebebe># build the address of the remote machine
</FONT>$internet_addr =3D inet_aton<FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>$remote_host<FONT color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT>
    <FONT color=3D#98fb98>or</FONT> <FONT color=3D#ffa500>die</FONT> =
<FONT color=3D#00cd00>"Couldn't convert $remote_host into an Internet =
address: $!\n"</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
$paddr =3D sockaddr_in<FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>$remote_port, =
$internet_addr<FONT color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>

<FONT color=3D#bebebe># connect
</FONT><FONT color=3D#98fb98>connect</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>TO_SERVER, $paddr<FONT color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT>
    <FONT color=3D#98fb98>or</FONT> <FONT color=3D#ffa500>die</FONT> =
<FONT color=3D#00cd00>"Couldn't connect to $remote_host:$remote_port : =
$!\n"</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>

<FONT color=3D#bebebe># ... do something with the socket
</FONT><FONT color=3D#ff7f50>print</FONT> TO_SERVER <FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>"Why don't you call me anymore?\n"</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>

<FONT color=3D#bebebe># and terminate the connection when we're done
</FONT><FONT color=3D#98fb98>close</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>TO_SERVER<FONT color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
</FONT>$client =3D IO::Socket::INET-&gt;new<FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>"www.yahoo.com:80"</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT>
    <FONT color=3D#98fb98>or</FONT> <FONT color=3D#ffa500>die</FONT> =
$@<FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
</FONT>$s =3D IO::Socket::INET-&gt;new<FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT><FONT color=3D#00cd00>PeerAddr</FONT> =3D&gt; =
<FONT color=3D#00cd00>"Does not Exist"</FONT>,
                           <FONT color=3D#00cd00>Peerport</FONT> =3D&gt; =
<FONT color=3D#cdcd00>80</FONT>,
                           <FONT color=3D#00cd00>Type</FONT>     =3D&gt; =
SOCK_STREAM <FONT color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT>
    <FONT color=3D#98fb98>or</FONT> <FONT color=3D#ffa500>die</FONT> =
$@<FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
</FONT>$s =3D IO::Socket::INET-&gt;new<FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT><FONT color=3D#00cd00>PeerAddr</FONT> =3D&gt; =
<FONT color=3D#00cd00>"bad.host.com"</FONT>,
                           <FONT color=3D#00cd00>PeerPort</FONT> =3D&gt; =
<FONT color=3D#cdcd00>80</FONT>,
                           <FONT color=3D#00cd00>Type</FONT>     =3D&gt; =
SOCK_STREAM,
                           <FONT color=3D#00cd00>Timeout</FONT>  =3D&gt; =
<FONT color=3D#cdcd00>5</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT>
    <FONT color=3D#98fb98>or</FONT> <FONT color=3D#ffa500>die</FONT> =
$@<FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
</FONT>$inet_addr =3D inet_aton<FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>"208.146.240.1"</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>
$paddr     =3D sockaddr_in<FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>$port, =
$inet_addr<FONT color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#98fb98>bind</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>SOCKET, =
$paddr<FONT color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT>         <FONT =
color=3D#98fb98>or</FONT> <FONT color=3D#ffa500>die</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>"bind: $!"</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
</FONT>$inet_addr =3D <FONT color=3D#98fb98>gethostbyname</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>"www.yahoo.com"</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT>
                            <FONT color=3D#98fb98>or</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#ffa500>die</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00cd00>"Can't resolve =
www.yahoo.com: $!"</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
$paddr     =3D sockaddr_in<FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>$port, =
$inet_addr<FONT color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#98fb98>bind</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>SOCKET, =
$paddr<FONT color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT>        <FONT =
color=3D#98fb98>or</FONT> <FONT color=3D#ffa500>die</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>"bind: $!"</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
</FONT></PRE></FONT></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV>
<DIV class=3DSECT2>
<H2 class=3DSECT2><A name=3DAEN925>Writing a TCP Server</A></H2>
<TABLE width=3D"100%" bgColor=3D#2f4f4f border=3D0>
  <TBODY>
  <TR>
    <TD><PRE class=3DSCREEN><FONT color=3D#f5deb3 size=3D+1><FONT =
color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
</FONT><FONT color=3D#ffa500>use</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#b2dfee>IO::Socket</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>

$server =3D IO::Socket::INET-&gt;new<FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>LocalPort</FONT> =3D&gt; $server_port,
                                <FONT color=3D#00cd00>Type</FONT>      =
=3D&gt; SOCK_STREAM,
                                <FONT color=3D#00cd00>Reuse</FONT>     =
=3D&gt; <FONT color=3D#cdcd00>1</FONT>,
                                <FONT color=3D#00cd00>Listen</FONT>    =
=3D&gt; <FONT color=3D#cdcd00>10</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT>   =
<FONT color=3D#bebebe># or SOMAXCONN
</FONT>    <FONT color=3D#98fb98>or</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#ffa500>die</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00cd00>"Couldn't be a tcp =
server on port $server_port : $@\n"</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>

<FONT color=3D#ffa500>while</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>$client =
=3D $server-&gt;<FONT color=3D#98fb98>accept</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>())</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00ffff>{</FONT>
    <FONT color=3D#bebebe># $client is the new connection
</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>}</FONT>

<FONT color=3D#98fb98>close</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>$server<FONT color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
</FONT><FONT color=3D#ffa500>use</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#b2dfee>Socket</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>

<FONT color=3D#bebebe># make the socket
</FONT><FONT color=3D#98fb98>socket</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>SERVER, PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, <FONT =
color=3D#98fb98>getprotobyname</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>'tcp'</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>));</FONT>

<FONT color=3D#bebebe># so we can restart our server quickly
</FONT><FONT color=3D#98fb98>setsockopt</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>SERVER, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, <FONT =
color=3D#cdcd00>1</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>

<FONT color=3D#bebebe># build up my socket address
</FONT>$my_addr =3D sockaddr_in<FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>$server_port, INADDR_ANY<FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#98fb98>bind</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>SERVER, =
$my_addr<FONT color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT>
    <FONT color=3D#98fb98>or</FONT> <FONT color=3D#ffa500>die</FONT> =
<FONT color=3D#00cd00>"Couldn't bind to port $server_port : =
$!\n"</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
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