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color=3D#cdcd00>205</FONT> accesses <FONT color=3D#ffa500>last</FONT> =
<FONT color=3D#ff7f50>month</FONT>.
<FONT color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
</FONT></PRE></FONT></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV>
<DIV class=3DSECT2>
<H2 class=3DSECT2><A name=3DAEN124>Printing Correct Plurals</A></H2>
<TABLE width=3D"100%" bgColor=3D#2f4f4f border=3D0>
  <TBODY>
  <TR>
    <TD><PRE class=3DSCREEN><FONT color=3D#f5deb3 size=3D+1><FONT =
color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
</FONT><FONT color=3D#ff7f50>printf</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00cd00>"It =
took </FONT><FONT color=3D#cdcd00>%d</FONT><FONT color=3D#00cd00> =
hour</FONT><FONT color=3D#cdcd00>%s</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>\n"</FONT>, $time, $time =3D=3D <FONT =
color=3D#cdcd00>1</FONT> ? <FONT color=3D#00cd00>""</FONT> : <FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>"s"</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>

<FONT color=3D#ff7f50>printf</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00cd00>"</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#cdcd00>%d</FONT><FONT color=3D#00cd00> hour</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#cdcd00>%s</FONT><FONT color=3D#00cd00> </FONT><FONT =
color=3D#cdcd00>%s</FONT><FONT color=3D#00cd00> enough.\n"</FONT>, =
$time,<FONT color=3D#43cd80> </FONT>
        $time =3D=3D <FONT color=3D#cdcd00>1</FONT> ? <FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>""</FONT>   : <FONT color=3D#00cd00>"s"</FONT>,
        $time =3D=3D <FONT color=3D#cdcd00>1</FONT> ? <FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>"is"</FONT> : <FONT color=3D#00cd00>"are"</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
</FONT><FONT color=3D#ff7f50>printf</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00cd00>"It =
took </FONT><FONT color=3D#cdcd00>%d</FONT><FONT color=3D#00cd00> =
centur</FONT><FONT color=3D#cdcd00>%s</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>"</FONT>, $time, $time =3D=3D <FONT =
color=3D#cdcd00>1</FONT> ? <FONT color=3D#00cd00>"y"</FONT> : <FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>"ies"</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
</FONT><FONT color=3D#ffa500>sub</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#b2dfee>noun_plural</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00ffff>{</FONT>
    <FONT color=3D#ffa500>local</FONT> <FONT color=3D#9ac0cd>$_</FONT> =
=3D <FONT color=3D#ff7f50>shift</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
    <FONT color=3D#bebebe># order really matters here!
</FONT>    <FONT color=3D#ff7f50>s</FONT>/ss$/sses/                      =
       ||
    <FONT color=3D#ff7f50>s</FONT>/<FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>([</FONT>psc<FONT color=3D#00ffff>]</FONT>h<FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT>$/$<FONT color=3D#00ffff>{</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>1</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>}</FONT>es/                =
     ||
    <FONT color=3D#ff7f50>s</FONT>/z$/zes/                               =
||
    <FONT color=3D#ff7f50>s</FONT>/ff$/ffs/                              =
||
    <FONT color=3D#ff7f50>s</FONT>/f$/ves/                               =
||
    <FONT color=3D#ff7f50>s</FONT>/ey$/eys/                              =
||
    <FONT color=3D#ff7f50>s</FONT>/<FONT color=3D#ff7f50>y</FONT>$/ies/  =
                             ||
    <FONT color=3D#ff7f50>s</FONT>/ix$/ices/                             =
||
    <FONT color=3D#ff7f50>s</FONT>/<FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>([</FONT>sx<FONT color=3D#00ffff>])</FONT>$/$1es/        =
                 ||
    <FONT color=3D#ff7f50>s</FONT>/$/<FONT color=3D#ff7f50>s</FONT>/     =
                             ||
                <FONT color=3D#ffa500>die</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>"can't get here"</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
    <FONT color=3D#ffa500>return</FONT> $_<FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#00ffff>}</FONT>
*verb_singular =3D \&amp;noun_plural<FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>   =
<FONT color=3D#bebebe># make function alias
#-----------------------------
</FONT><FONT color=3D#ffa500>use</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#b2dfee>Lingua::EN::Inflect</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#ff7f50>qw</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>PL classical<FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>
classical<FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#cdcd00>1</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>               =
<FONT color=3D#bebebe># why isn't this the default?
</FONT><FONT color=3D#ffa500>while</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>&lt;DATA&gt;<FONT color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>{</FONT>            <FONT color=3D#bebebe># each line in =
the data
</FONT>    <FONT color=3D#ffa500>for</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT><FONT color=3D#ff7f50>split</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00ffff>{</FONT>           <FONT =
color=3D#bebebe># each word on the line
</FONT>        <FONT color=3D#ff7f50>print</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>"One $_, two "</FONT>, PL<FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>$_<FONT color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT>, <FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>".\n"</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
    <FONT color=3D#00ffff>}</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#00ffff>}</FONT><FONT color=3D#43cd80> </FONT>
<FONT color=3D#bebebe># plus one more
</FONT>$_ =3D <FONT color=3D#00cd00>'secretary general'</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#ff7f50>print</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00cd00>"One $_, two =
"</FONT>, PL<FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>$_<FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT>, <FONT color=3D#00cd00>".\n"</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>

<FONT color=3D#bebebe>#__END__
#fish fly ox</FONT><FONT color=3D#43cd80> </FONT><FONT color=3D#bebebe>
#species genus phylum</FONT><FONT color=3D#43cd80> </FONT><FONT =
color=3D#bebebe>
#cherub radius jockey</FONT><FONT color=3D#43cd80> </FONT><FONT =
color=3D#bebebe>
#index matrix mythos
#phenomenon formula</FONT><FONT color=3D#43cd80> </FONT><FONT =
color=3D#bebebe>
#-----------------------------
#One fish, two fish.
#
#One fly, two flies.
#
#One ox, two oxen.
#
#One species, two species.
#
#One genus, two genera.
#
#One phylum, two phyla.
#
#One cherub, two cherubim.
#
#One radius, two radii.
#
#One jockey, two jockeys.
#
#One index, two indices.
#
#One matrix, two matrices.
#
#One mythos, two mythoi.
#
#One phenomenon, two phenomena.
#
#One formula, two formulae.
#
#One secretary general, two secretaries general.
#-----------------------------
</FONT></PRE></FONT></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV>
<DIV class=3DSECT2>
<H2 class=3DSECT2><A name=3DAEN127>Program: Calculating Prime =
Factors</A></H2>
<TABLE width=3D"100%" bgColor=3D#2f4f4f border=3D0>
  <TBODY>
  <TR>
    <TD><PRE class=3DSCREEN><FONT color=3D#f5deb3 size=3D+1><FONT =
color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
#% bigfact 8 9 96 2178
#8          2**3
#
#9          3**2
#
#96         2**5 3
#
#2178       2 3**2 11**2
#-----------------------------
#% bigfact 239322000000000000000000
#+239322000000000000000000 2**19 3 5**18 +39887</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#43cd80> </FONT><FONT color=3D#bebebe>
#
#
#% bigfact 25000000000000000000000000
#+25000000000000000000000000 2**24 5**26
#-----------------------------
# <FONT size=3D-1><A =
href=3D"http://pleac.sourceforge.net/include/perl/ch02/bigfact">download =
the following standalone program</A></FONT>
#!/usr/bin/perl
# bigfact - calculate prime factors
</FONT><FONT color=3D#ffa500>use</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#b2dfee>strict</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#ffa500>use</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#b2dfee>integer</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>

<FONT color=3D#ffa500>use</FONT> <FONT color=3D#b2dfee>vars</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#ff7f50>qw</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>{</FONT> $opt_b $opt_d =
<FONT color=3D#00ffff>};</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#ffa500>use</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#b2dfee>Getopt::Std</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>

<FONT color=3D#cdad00>@ARGV</FONT> &amp;&amp; getopts<FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT><FONT color=3D#00cd00>'bd'</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT>        <FONT color=3D#98fb98>or</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#ffa500>die</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00cd00>"usage: $0 [-b] number =
..."</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>

load_biglib<FONT color=3D#00ffff>()</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#ffa500>if</FONT> $opt_b<FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>

<FONT color=3D#ff7f50>ARG:</FONT> <FONT color=3D#ffa500>foreach</FONT> =
<FONT color=3D#ffa500>my</FONT> $orig <FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT> =
<FONT color=3D#cdad00>@ARGV</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>{</FONT>
    <FONT color=3D#ffa500>my</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#9ac0cd>$n</FONT>, <FONT color=3D#9ac0cd>$root</FONT>, <FONT =
color=3D#cdcd00>%factors</FONT>, <FONT =
color=3D#9ac0cd>$factor</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>
    $n =3D $opt_b ? Math::BigInt-&gt;new<FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>$orig<FONT color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT> : $orig<FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
    <FONT color=3D#ffa500>if</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>$n + =
<FONT color=3D#cdcd00>0</FONT> <FONT color=3D#98fb98>ne</FONT> $n<FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00ffff>{</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#bebebe># don't use -w for this
</FONT>        <FONT color=3D#ff7f50>printf</FONT> STDERR <FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>"bignum: </FONT><FONT color=3D#cdcd00>%s</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00cd00> would become </FONT><FONT =
color=3D#cdcd00>%s</FONT><FONT color=3D#00cd00>\n"</FONT>, $n, $n+<FONT =
color=3D#cdcd00>0</FONT> <FONT color=3D#ffa500>if</FONT> $opt_d<FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
        load_biglib<FONT color=3D#00ffff>();</FONT>
        $n =3D Math::BigInt-&gt;new<FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>$orig<FONT color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>
    <FONT color=3D#00ffff>}</FONT>
    <FONT color=3D#ff7f50>printf</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00cd00>"%-10s =
"</FONT>, $n<FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>

    <FONT color=3D#bebebe># Here $sqi will be the square of $i. We will =
take advantage
</FONT>    <FONT color=3D#bebebe># of the fact that ($i + 1) ** 2 =3D=3D =
$i ** 2 + 2 * $i + 1.
</FONT>    <FONT color=3D#ffa500>for</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT><FONT color=3D#ffa500>my</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>$i, $sqi<FONT color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT> =3D <FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT><FONT color=3D#cdcd00>2</FONT>, <FONT =
color=3D#cdcd00>4</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT> $sqi &lt;=3D =
$n<FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT> $sqi +=3D <FONT =
color=3D#cdcd00>2</FONT> * $i ++ + <FONT color=3D#cdcd00>1</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00ffff>{</FONT>
        <FONT color=3D#ffa500>while</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>$n % $i =3D=3D <FONT =
color=3D#cdcd00>0</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>{</FONT>
            $n /=3D $i<FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
            <FONT color=3D#ff7f50>print</FONT> STDERR <FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>"&lt;$i&gt;"</FONT> <FONT color=3D#ffa500>if</FONT> =
$opt_d<FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
            <FONT color=3D#cdcd00>$factors</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>{</FONT>$i<FONT color=3D#00ffff>}</FONT> ++<FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
        <FONT color=3D#00ffff>}</FONT>
    <FONT color=3D#00ffff>}</FONT>

    <FONT color=3D#ffa500>if</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>$n =
!=3D <FONT color=3D#cdcd00>1</FONT> &amp;&amp; $n !=3D $orig<FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00ffff>{</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#cdcd00>$factors</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>{</FONT>$n<FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>}</FONT>++ <FONT color=3D#00ffff>}</FONT>
    <FONT color=3D#ffa500>if</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>! =
<FONT color=3D#cdcd00>%factors</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT> =
<FONT color=3D#00ffff>{</FONT>
        <FONT color=3D#ff7f50>print</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>"PRIME\n"</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
        <FONT color=3D#ffa500>next</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#ff7f50>ARG</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
    <FONT color=3D#00ffff>}</FONT>
    <FONT color=3D#ffa500>for</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#9ac0cd>$factor</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#ff7f50>sort</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00ffff>{</FONT> $a =
&lt;=3D&gt; $b <FONT color
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